In mid-Rabiʿ al-Awwal (1) the Sultan received the fortress of Shaqif Arnun (2) under terms of safe‐conduct. Its lord was led away captive in utter humiliation and disgrace. He had been one of the shrewdest of the Franks and the most knowledgeable among them about the vicissitudes of men; he would even at times read books of hadith and Qur’anic exegesis. Yet for all that he was thick-skinned, [hard-hearted, unbelieving in soul] (3).
When the winter season had ended and spring drew near, the Muslim kings came from their lands with their armies (4), their champions, their foot-soldiers (5), and their horsemen. The caliph (6) dispatched to King Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn loads of naphtha and choice Khattī lances (7), together with incendiary experts and sappers—each one a consummate master of his craft (8)—as well as a royal order for twenty thousand dinars. The sea now stood open, and ships (9) of the Franks and other Christians arrived continually from every island, lending aid to their comrades and supplying them (10) with manpower and provisions.
The Franks constructed three siege-towers of wood and iron, sheathing them with hides soaked in vinegar so that naphtha would not take effect. Each tower could accommodate five hundred fighters, was higher than the city’s own towers, and was mounted on wheels so that it could be maneuvered at will; on the top of each stood a large mangonel. [This matter weighed heavily upon the Muslims; they were enraged by it and feared for the city] (11) and for the Muslims inside, lest they be captured, and they were distressed because of it.
So the Sultan bent his thoughts to burning the towers (12) and destroying them. He summoned (13) the incendiary engineers and promised them lavish sums should they succeed. A young coppersmith from Damascus, known as ʿAlī ibn ʿArīf al-Naḥḥāsīn, volunteered for the task and undertook to burn and destroy them. He took white naphtha and mixed it with certain substances (14) he knew, then boiled the mixture in three copper cauldrons until it became a blazing fire. From within ʿAkkā he hurled, by catapult, a measure from those cauldrons at each tower, and—by Allah’s leave—Exalted is He—the three towers burst into flames until