It has been said that the word mawālī here refers to one’s agnate kin. Zechariah feared that, after his death, those clansmen might handle the affairs of the Children of Israel in a way that contravened Allah’s law and obedience; therefore he asked for a child from his own loins who would be dutiful, God-fearing, and pleasing to the Lord. Hence his petition: “So grant me, from Your very presence, a successor who will inherit from me”—meaning, inherit prophethood and leadership among the Children of Israel—“and inherit as well from the House of Jacob; and make him, my Lord, well-pleasing.” In other words: just as his forefathers from Jacob’s progeny were prophets, make this son like them in the honor You bestowed upon them of prophethood and revelation.
The passage is certainly not speaking of inheriting material wealth, as some from the Shi‘ah have alleged—a view with which Ibn Jarīr here concurs, citing it from Abū Ṣāliḥ among the early generations—for several reasons:
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Concerning Allah’s words, “And Solomon inherited from David,” the intended meaning is inheritance of prophethood and sovereignty, as we explained earlier. This accords with the well-known ḥadith unanimously accepted by the scholars, recorded in the Ṣaḥīḥ collections, the Musnads, the Sunan, and other works through numerous chains from a group of Companions, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “We, the Prophets, are not inherited from; whatever we leave behind is charity.” This explicit statement establishes that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ does not bequeath worldly estates. For this reason Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq refused to allot any of the Prophet’s property—property that would otherwise have devolved on his heirs—to anyone, namely his daughter Fāṭimah, his nine wives, or his uncle al-‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with them all). Abū Bakr based his ruling on this ḥadith, and in narrating it he was supported by ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf, Ṭalḥah, al-Zubayr, Abū Hurayrah, and others (may Allah be pleased with them).
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Al-Tirmidhī recorded the ḥadith in an inclusive wording that covers all prophets: “We, the company of Prophets, are not inherited from,” and he judged it authentic.
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The life of this world was too insignificant in the prophets’ eyes for them to hoard its goods, pay heed to it, or be preoccupied with it to the extent of seeking offspring merely to take possession of it after them. Indeed, anyone who does not even approach their lofty rank in renunciation would not concern himself to such a degree.
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Zechariah (peace be upon him) was a carpenter who worked with his own hands and lived off his earnings, just as David (peace be upon him) lived off what his hands provided. As a rule—and all the more so for the prophets—a man in such circumstances would not labor so strenuously as to amass a surplus that could be stored away and left behind. This point is plain to anyone who reflects on it with due consideration, if Allah wills.