Then came the year 564 AH.
In that year the conquest of Egypt was effected at the hands of the commander Asad al-Din Shirkuh.
Also that year the Franks overran the Egyptian domains. This happened because a military garrison had been assigned to them there; they took control of its gates, and many of their bravest warriors settled in the land (1). Nothing was left for them but to seize it outright and drive its Muslim inhabitants (2) from it. At that point reinforcements poured in to the Franks from every direction, and they marched alongside Mari, the king of Ascalon (3), with overwhelming hosts.
Their first target was the town of Bilbays: they captured it, slaughtered great numbers of its people, carried others off in chains, established their camp there, left their baggage behind, and made it a base and fortress [for themselves]. They next advanced and encamped before Cairo on the side of Bab al-Barqiyya. The vizier Shawar thereupon ordered the populace to burn Miṣr (4) and for the people (5) to relocate from it to Cairo. The city was plundered, the populace lost huge amounts of wealth, and the flames raged in Miṣr for fifty-four days—innā lillāhi wa-innā ilayhi rājiʿūn (Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we shall return) (6).
At that (7) moment the caliph al-ʿĀḍid sent an appeal for help to King Nūr al-Din, dispatching to him locks of his women’s hair with the plea: “Come to my aid and rescue my women from the hands of the Franks.” He pledged one-third of Egypt’s tax revenue to him, on the condition that Asad al-Din remain there in his service, and further undertook (8) to grant them stipends in addition to that third.
Nūr al-Din thereupon began outfitting armies for [the Egyptian territories] (9). When the vizier Shawar learned that the Muslims were on their way, he wrote to the Frankish king, saying: “You are aware of my affection and friendship, but al-ʿĀḍid and the Muslims (10) will not agree with me to surrender the city.” He therefore concluded a truce with them, stipulating that they withdraw, for that year, from the land in return for one million dinars, and he immediately