—whom they installed over them and styled al-Fāʾiz. The (Abbasid) caliph thereupon drew up a diploma for Sultan Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Zangī, investing him with authority over the Syrian provinces(1) and the Egyptian territories, and dispatched it to him(2).
In the same year: a violent wind arose after the ʿishāʾ (night) prayer, shot through with fire, and the people feared that the Hour had come. The earth quaked, the waters of the Tigris turned crimson, and in the land of Wāsiṭ(3) blood welled up from the ground for reasons unknown.
News also reached Baghdad that King Sanjar had fallen captive to the Turks, suffering the utmost degradation and humiliation,(4) and that he wept for himself continually.
That year Sultan Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Zangī wrested Damascus from its ruler, Mujīr al-Dīn(5) Abiq ibn Muḥammad ibn Būrī ibn Ṭughtekin. The seizure was prompted by Mujīr al-Dīn’s misconduct, the feebleness of his regime, and the fact that the populace had more than once besieged him in the citadel together with his vizier, the chief Muʾayyad al-Dawla ʿAlī ibn al-Ṣūfī. Meanwhile the eunuch ʿAṭāʾ had usurped control of the realm, ruling with tyranny and violence. People therefore prayed to Allah night and day that Sultan Nūr al-Dīn might replace him. Nūr al-Dīn sent ahead Emir Asad al-Dīn Shīrkūh with one thousand cavalry under the guise of seeking a settlement, but Mujīr al-Dīn took no notice of him, deemed him of no account, and none of the city’s notables went out to receive him. Shīrkūh accordingly wrote to Nūr al-Dīn, reporting what had happened.(6)
At that very time the Franks captured the city of Ascalon. This grieved Sultan Nūr al-Dīn,(7) yet he could not reach them, for Damascus lay between him and them,(8) and he feared that if he besieged Damascus by force its ruler would appeal to the Franks and they would come to his aid,(9) as had happened more than once. The Franks had no desire(10) for Nūr al-Dīn to possess Damascus, knowing that it would strengthen(11) him against them and that they would never be able to withstand him. Therefore the sultan mounted with his army and encamped at ʿUyūn al-Fasriyya(12) in the land of—