Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

This isnād is weak on account of Isḥāq ibn Bishr, for his ḥadīths are munkar, especially since it clashes with the sound narrations (1).

Solomon—peace be upon him—was granted a realm, a vast dominion, and hosts of every kind such as no one before him possessed and such as Allah will grant to no one after him, as He said: “We have been given everything” and: “My Lord, forgive me and grant me a dominion that will not belong to anyone after me; indeed, You are the Bestower.” Allah did grant him that, as stated by the Truthful and Trustworthy one ﷺ.

When the Exalted mentioned the favors He had poured upon him—the great and perfect blessings—He said: “This is Our gift; so bestow or withhold without reckoning,” meaning: give to whomever you wish and withhold from whomever you wish; no account will be taken of you. In other words, dispose of the wealth as you please, for Allah has permitted whatever you may do with it and will not call you to account for it. Such is the prerogative of a prophet-king, unlike the servant-messenger, whose hallmark is that he neither gives nor withholds except by Allah’s leave. Our Prophet Muḥammad—blessings and peace be upon him—was offered the choice between these two stations, and he chose to be a servant-messenger. In some reports he consulted Jibrīl, who advised him, “Humble yourself,” so he opted to be a servant-messenger—may blessings and peace be upon him. Allah then placed the caliphate and authority after him within his ummah until the Day of Resurrection; a group from his community will remain manifest upon the truth until the Hour is established. All praise and favor belong to Allah.

After listing what He had granted His Prophet Solomon—peace be upon him—of worldly good, the Exalted drew attention to what He has prepared for him in the Hereafter: abundant reward, a handsome recompense, nearness to Him, great success, and honor in His presence. This will be on the Day of Return and Reckoning, where He says: “Indeed, he has with Us nearness and an excellent destination.”

His Death and the Length of His Reign and Life (2)

Allah, Glorified be He, says: “And when We decreed death for him, nothing informed them of his death except a creature of the earth that was gnawing at his staff. When he fell down, the jinn realized that had they known the unseen, they would not have remained in the humiliating punishment” (Sabaʾ 34:14).

Ibn Jarīr, Ibn Abī Ḥātim and others narrated—through the chain of Ibrāhīm ibn Ṭahmān, from ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib (3), from Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, from Ibn ʿAbbās, from the Prophet ﷺ—who said: “Whenever Solomon, the Prophet of Allah—peace be upon him—stood to pray, he would see a tree…"

(1) His biography and the remarks about him in al-Majruhin by Ibn Hibban (vol. 1, pp. 135–137). (2) In the T edition: his death and the duration of his reign and life. (3) In the B edition: on the authority of ‘Ata ibn as-Sa’ib from Abu Hurayra, who said…
وهذا إسناد ضعيفٌ لحال إسحاق بن بشر فإنه مُنكَر الحديث، ولاسيما وقد خالف الروايات الصحاح (١) . وقد كان له (عليه السلام) من أمور المُلك واتِّساع الدولة وكثرة الجنود وتنوُّعها مالم يكن لأحدٍ قبلَه ولا يعطيه الله أحداً بعده، كما قال: ﴿وَأُوتِينَا مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ﴾ وقال: ﴿رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَهَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ﴾. وقد أعطاه الله ذلك بنص الصَّادق المصدوق. ولما ذكر تعالى ما أنعم به عليه وأسداه من النعم الكاملة العظيمة إليه قال: ﴿هَذَا عَطَاؤُنَا فَامْنُنْ أَوْ أَمْسِكْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَاب﴾ أي: أعط من شِئت، واحرم من شئت، فلا حساب عليك، أي: تصزَّف في المال كيف شئت، فإن الله قد سوَّغ لك كل ما تفعله من ذلك، ولا يحاسبك على ذلك. وهذا شأن النبي المَلِك، بخلاف العبد الرسول، فإنّ مِنْ شأنه أن لا يُعطي أحداً، ولا يمنع أحداً إلا بإذن الله له في ذلك. وقد خُيَّر نبينا محمد صلوات الله وسلامه عليه بين هذين المقامين، فاختار أن يكون عبداً رسولًا. وفي بعض الروايات أنه استشار جبريل في ذلك فأشار إليه: أن تواضع، فاختار أن يكون عبداً رسولًا صلوات الله وسلامه عليه. وقد جعل الله الخِلافة والمُلْك من بعده في أمته إلى يوم القيامة، فلا تزال طائفة من أمته ظاهرين حتى تقوم الساعة. فلله الحمد والمِنَّة. ولما ذكر تعالى ما وهبه لنبيه سليمان (عليه السلام) من خير الدنيا، نَبَّه على ما أعدَّه له في الآخرة من الثواب الجزيل والأجر الجميل، والقربة التي تقرَّبه إليه والفوز العظيم والإكرام بين يديه، وذلك يوم المعاد والحساب حيث يقول تعالى: ﴿وَإِنَّ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا لَزُلْفَى وَحُسْنَ مَآبٍ﴾. ذكر وَفاته وكم كانت مدّة ملكه وحياته (٢) قال الله (تعالى) : ﴿فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ إِلَّا دَابَّةُ الْأَرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنْسَأَتَهُ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ الْجِنُّ أَنْ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ الْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُوا فِي الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ (١٤) ﴾ [سبأ: ١٤] . روى ابن جرير، وابن أبي حاتم وغيرهما من حديث إبراهيم بن طهمان عن عطاء بن السائب (٣) عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس عن النبي ﷺ قال: "كانَ سُلَيمانُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ (عليه السلام) إذا صَلَّى رَأَى شَجَرَةً
(١) ترجمته وما قيل فيه في المجروحين، لابن حبان (١/ ١٣٥ - ١٣٧). (٢) في ط: وفاته ومدة ملكه وحياته. (٣) في ب: عن عطاء بن السائب عن أبي هريرة قال …

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