The Death of Sultan Alp Arslan and the Accession of His Son Malikshah
At the beginning of this year the Sultan set out with two hundred thousand fighting men, intending a campaign in Transoxiana. While on the march he became incensed with a man called Yūsuf al-Khwārazmī. The man was brought before him, the Sultan reproached him for various offences, and then ordered four stakes to be driven into the ground so that he might be crucified between them.
Yūsuf retorted to the Sultan, “You effeminate one—shall a man like me be killed in such a way?” The Sultan’s anger flared; he ordered the man released, seized his bow and shot an arrow at him, but missed. Yūsuf rushed toward the Sultan. The Sultan rose from his throne in alarm, stepped down, stumbled and fell. Yūsuf overtook him and struck the Sultan in the side with a dagger he was carrying. The troops then fell upon Yūsuf and killed him, but the Sultan’s wound was severe, and he died on Saturday, the tenth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal of this year.
It is also said that when he passed through Bukhara, his army plundered many of the people’s possessions, whereupon the townsfolk invoked Allah against him, and he perished.
When Alp Arslan died, his son Malikshah was seated upon the throne and the amirs stood before him. The vizier Niẓām al-Mulk said to him, “Speak, O Sultan.” He replied, “Those older than you are as my fathers, the middle-aged as my brothers, and the younger as my sons; I shall treat you in a way that has no precedent.” They remained silent, so he repeated his statement. They then answered with full obedience. Niẓām al-Mulk—who had served his father—took charge of state affairs, increased the soldiers’ stipends by seven hundred thousand dinars, and the cortege proceeded to Marw, where Sultan Alp Arslan was buried. A brief account of his life will appear later among the obituaries.
When news of his death reached Baghdad, the populace held mourning ceremonies, the markets were closed, and the Caliph displayed great grief. His daughter, the khātūn who was the Caliph’s wife (1), removed her adornments and sat upon the bare ground.
In Rajab, letters from Sultan Malikshah reached the Caliph expressing sorrow for his father’s death and requesting that the Friday khuṭbah be proclaimed for him in Iraq; the Caliph complied. Malikshah bestowed splendid robes of honor upon the vizier Niẓām al-Mulk together with abundant gifts, among them twenty thousand dinars. He conferred on him the title Atabeg of the armies, meaning “the great prince, the guardian-father.” Niẓām al-Mulk governed with praiseworthy conduct.
When Qārūn (2) Beg learned of the death of his brother Alp Arslan, he mounted with a large army intending to fight his nephew Malikshah. They met in battle; Qārūn’s forces were routed and he was captured. His nephew reproached him, placed him in confinement, and later sent someone who executed him.
In the same year a great riot broke out between the people of Karkh, Bāb al-Baṣrah, and the qallāʾīn (soap-boilers). They fought one another and many lives were lost.