Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

[Then the year 447 AH began]

⦗1⦘ In that year:
Ṭughrul Beg the Seljuk seized Baghdad. He was the first Seljuk ruler to hold sway over Iraq, and his coming marked the end of Buyid rule.

In the same year:
The rift between al-Basāsirī and the Caliph grew irreparable. The Turkish troops complained of him, and the Chief of Chiefs spoke plainly about him, enumerating his disgraceful deeds and stating that he had written to the Egyptians to pledge obedience, thereby renouncing the allegiance he had formerly owed the ʿAbbāsids. The Caliph declared, “Nothing will suffice but his destruction.”

Ṭughrul Beg’s entry into Baghdad during the month of Ramaḍān ⦗2⦘

Al-Khaṭīb ⦗3⦘ relates:
Arslān the Turk, known as al-Basāsirī, had become enormously powerful. Because none of the veteran Turkish commanders equalled him, his authority swelled; he took control of the provinces, his fame spread, and both Arab and non-Arab amirs stood in awe of him. His name was invoked from many pulpits in Iraq, Ahwāz, and their environs, he collected the revenues, and the Caliph al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allah would not decide a single matter without him.

Later, however, the Caliph received conclusive proof of his unsound creed. A group of Turks testified before him that, while they were with al-Basāsirī in Wāsiṭ, he had informed them of his intention to plunder the Caliphal Palace and seize the Caliph himself. The Caliph therefore wrote to Abū Ṭālib Muḥammad ibn Mīkāʾīl ibn Saljūq ibn Naʿāq, surnamed Ṭughrul Beg, urging him to march on Iraq.

Most of those with al-Basāsirī abandoned him and returned to Baghdad. They then resolved to attack al-Basāsirī’s residence, which lay on the western side ⦗4⦘; they burned it and tore its buildings down.

Ṭughrul Beg reached Baghdad in Ramaḍān of the year 447. The amirs, viziers, and chamberlains rode out to meet him partway, and he entered the city in magnificent pomp. The Friday sermon was delivered first in his name and, after him, in the name of al-Malik al-Raḥīm. Toward the end of Ramaḍān the khutba for al-Malik al-Raḥīm was discontinued; he was taken prisoner to the citadel of Sīrwān. Thus he became the last of the Buyid kings. Their dynasty had ruled for close to one hundred and ten years, and his own tenure over Baghdad lasted six years and ten days.

Ṭughrul Beg was the first of the Seljuk sovereigns. After the royal palace had been rebuilt he took up residence there, while his troops quartered themselves in the Turkish barracks. He entered Baghdad with eight elephants. A clash then broke out between the Turks and the populace; the entire eastern district was plundered, grave disturbances ensued, and a great tumult arose.

(1) This passage is an addition in manuscripts B and Ṭ; in manuscript A, certain elements are advanced and delayed, disrupting their chronological order without any omission. (2) The heading is omitted in manuscripts B and Ṭ. (3) The date is 11/48 and later (Ṭ, Dār Bashār edition). (4) In A: al-Sharqī, and its wording matches the account in Tarīkh al-Khaṭīb, from which the author draws; it is likewise found in al-Muntaẓam and al-Kāmil.
[ثم دخلت سنة سبع وأربعين وأربعمئة] (١) فيها: ملك طُغْرُلْبَك السّلجوقي بغداد، وهو أول ملوك السلجوقية لبلاد العراق، وآخر مُلْكِ بني بويه. وفيها: تأكَّدت الوحشة بين البساسيري وبين الخليفة، واشتكت الأتراك منه، وأطلق رئيس الرؤساء عبارته فيه، وذكر قبيح أفعاله، وأنَّه كاتب المصريين بالطّاعة، وخلع ما كان عليه من بيعة العباسيين، وقال الخليفة: ليس إلّا إهلاكه. ملكُ طُغْرُلْبَك السّلجوقي في بغداد ودخوله إليها في رمضان (٢) قال الخطيب (٣) : كان أرسلان التركي المعروف بالبساسيري، قد عظم أمره، واستفحل، لعدم أقرانه من متقدمي الأتراك، واستولى على البلاد، وطار اسمه، وتهيّبته أمراء العرب والعجم، ودُعي له على كثير من المنابر العراقيّة والأهواز ونواحيها، وجبى الأموال، ولم يكن الخليفة القائم بأمر اللَّه يقطع أمرًا دونَه، ثمّ صحّ عند الخليفة سوء عقيدته، وشهد عنده جماعة من الأتراك، عرّفهم وهو بواسط عزمه على نهب دار الخلافة والقبض على الخليفة، فكاتب الخليفة أبا طالب محمد بن ميكائيل بن سُلْجوق بن نعاق الملقب طُغْرُلْبَك، يستنهضه على المسير إلى العراق، فانفضّ أكثر من كان مع البساسيري، وعادوا إلى بغداد، ثمّ أجمع رأيهم على قصد دار البساسيري وهي في الجانب الغربي (٤) فأحرقوها، وهدموا أبنيتها. ووصل طُغْرُلْبَك إلى بغداد في رمضان سنة سبع وأربعين، وقد تلقَّاه إلى أثناء الطريق الأمراء والوزراء والحجّاب، فدخل بغداد في أُبَّهةٍ عظيمة جدًّا، وخُطِبَ له بها، ثمّ بعده للملك الرحيم، ثم قُطِعَت خطبة الملك الرحيم في أواخر شهر رمضان، ورفع إلى قلعة السِّيروان معتقلًا، فكان آخر ملوك بني بُويه، وكانت مدة [ولايتهم قريب المئة وعشر سنين، وكان مدة] ولايته لبغداد ستّ سنين وعشرة أيّام. وطُغْرُلْبَك أوّل ملوك السَّلجوقيّة، ونزل طُغْرُلْبَك دار المملكة بعد الفراغ من عمارتها، ونزل أصحابه على دور الأتراك، وكان معه ثمانية أفيلة، ووقعت فتنة بين الأتراك والعامة، ونُهب الجانب الشرقي بكماله، وجرت خطوب، وخبطة عظيمة.
(١) زيادة من (ب) و (ط)، وفي (أ) تقديم وتأخير مخلّ بتسلسل الأحداث دون نقص فيها. (٢) العنوان ساقط من (ب) و (ط). (٣) تاريخه ١١/ ٤٨ فما بعدها (ط. د. بشار). (٤) في (أ): الشرقي، وما أثبت موافق لما في تاريخ الخطيب الذي ينقل منه المصنف وهي كذلك في المنتظم والكامل.

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