Then the year 430 AH began.

During it King Masʿūd ibn Maḥmūd ibn Sabuktakīn met the Seljuq ruler Ṭughril Beg, who was accompanied by his brother Dāwūd, in the month of Shaʿbān. Masʿūd routed them both and slew a great many of their followers.

In the same year:
• Shabīb ibn Waththāb (1) had the Friday sermon in Ḥarrān and al-Raqqah (2) delivered in the name of al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allah, omitting the name of al-Mustanṣir the ʿUbaydid.

• Abū Manṣūr ibn Jalāl al-Dawla was addressed with the title al-Malik al-ʿAzīz while residing in Wāsiṭ. This al-ʿAzīz was the last of the Banū Būyah to rule in Baghdad. When they waxed arrogant, rebelled, and styled themselves “King of Kings”—a title detested by Allah Most High—He stripped them of the favors He had granted them and transferred the kingdom to others. Allah the Exalted says:
“Indeed, Allah does not change the condition of a people until they change what is within themselves; and when Allah wills ill for a people, there is no repelling it, nor have they any protector apart from Him.” ⦗Qur’an 13:11⦘

• The caliph bestowed a robe of honor upon the qāḍī al-quḍāt, [Abū] ʿAbd Allah ibn Mākūlā.

• A heavy snowfall struck Baghdad, a span deep on the rooftops, so that the people had to shovel it away.

Ibn al-Jawzī (3) relates: “In Jumādā al-Ākhirah the Seljuqs seized the lands of Khurāsān and al-Jabal, dividing the outlying regions among themselves; this was the first establishment of Seljuq rule.”

No one from Iraq, Khurāsān, [Greater] Syria, or Egypt performed the pilgrimage that year, save a very small number.

Among the notable deaths of the year was the ḥāfiẓ Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī (4) Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allah ibn Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq ibn Mūsā ibn Mihrān, the great memorizer of ḥadith and prolific, celebrated author. Among his works is Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ, in many volumes—proof of the breadth of his narrations, the multitude of his teachers, and his keen grasp of the sources and branching chains of transmission of ḥadith. He also compiled a Maʿjam