Allah then inspired me to say, “By the right of Abu Bakr and ʿUmar (1), summon me!” One of the two angels thereupon said to the other, “He has adjured us by two mighty personages, so leave him.” Thus they left me and went away. May Allah be pleased with Abu Bakr and ʿUmar, and with all the Companions of the Messenger of Allah.
[Then the year 411 AH began]
In that year the ʿUbaydī ruler al-Ḥākim (2), lord of Egypt, disappeared. It happened on the night of Tuesday, two nights remaining of Shawwāl, when al-Ḥākim son of al-ʿAzīz son of al-Muʿizz, the ruler of Egypt, went missing. The believers and the Muslims rejoiced at the news, for he had been a stubborn tyrant and a rebellious devil. We shall mention a few of his repulsive traits and his accursed conduct.
May Allah disgrace him, he was extremely capricious in his actions, rulings, and statements, and utterly unscrupulous in pursuing the wicked aims of his accursed heart. On some days he would claim divinity, just as Pharaoh did in the time of Moses—peace be upon him. He ordered that whenever the preacher mentioned him from the pulpit the congregation must rise to their feet in rows, magnifying his name and venerating his mention. This was enforced throughout his domains, even in the two Sacred Sanctuaries. He further commanded the people of Egypt in particular that when they rose [at the mention of his name] they were to fall down in prostration to him, so that when they prostrated even the common rabble in the marketplaces (3) and others—people who would not attend Jumuʿah prayer—would prostrate with them. They would abandon prostration to Allah on Fridays and other days, yet prostrate themselves to al-Ḥākim.
At one point he compelled the People of the Two Scriptures to enter Islam by force; later he allowed them to return to their religions. He demolished their churches, then rebuilt them; he destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, then restored it. He built madrasahs, installed jurists and shaykhs in them, then killed those scholars and laid the schools to waste. He forced the populace to close the markets by day and open them at night, and they complied for a very long time.
On one occasion he passed by an old man working as a carpenter in the daytime. Stopping before him he said, “Did we not forbid you from this?” The man replied, “My lord, when people stay up at night they must earn their living by day; and when they earn their living by night they stay awake by day—this work counts as part of that wakefulness.” Al-Ḥākim smiled, left him, and restored the people to their former routine. All of this was simply a change of established customs and a test of the populace’s obedience, so that he might progress to matters still more grievous and bitter than these—may Allah curse him.
He also carried out the ḥisbah (market inspection) himself, riding through the bazaars on a donkey—he would ride nothing but a donkey. If he found anyone cheating in trade, he would order a black slave who accompanied him, named Masʿūd, to commit with that man the most heinous sexual abomination in public, an evil and accursed practice for which no precedent existed.