Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Chapter (1)
The account of a number of prophets from the Children of Israel after Moses, after which we shall proceed to the accounts of David and Solomon.

Ibn Jarīr states in his History: There is no disagreement among those versed in the reports of past nations—whether from our community or others—that the one who undertook the leadership of the Children of Israel after Joshua was Caleb son of Jephunneh (3). He was one of Moses’ companions, the husband of his sister Maryam, and one of the two God-fearing men—Joshua and Caleb—who said to the Israelites when they recoiled from battle:

“Enter upon them through the gate; once you enter it, you will surely prevail. Put your trust in Allah if you are believers.” (al-Māʾidah 23)

Ibn Jarīr (4) further said: After him, the one who governed the affairs of the Children of Israel was Ḥizqīl son of Būzī, the prophet who prayed to Allah and by whose supplication Allah revived those who had fled their homes in their thousands for fear of death.

The Story of Ḥizqīl

Allah the Exalted says: “Have you not considered those who left their homes in their thousands, fearing death? Allah said to them, ‘Die!’; then He restored them to life. Truly Allah is bountiful to mankind, but most of mankind are ungrateful.” (al-Baqarah 2:243)

Muhammad ibn Isḥāq, reporting from Wahb ibn Munabbih, said: When Allah took Caleb son of Jephunneh to Himself after Joshua, he left among the Children of Israel Ḥizqīl son of Būzī—the son of the old woman—and he was the one who prayed for the people mentioned by Allah in His Book, as has reached us: “Have you not considered those who left their homes in their thousands, fearing death?”

Ibn Isḥāq said: They fled from a plague and came to rest upon a stretch of level ground. Allah said to them, “Die!” and they all died. They were then fenced round to keep the wild beasts away, and many ages passed over them. Ḥizqīl later passed by, paused, and reflected. It was said to him, “Would you like Allah to resurrect them while you watch?” He replied, “Yes.” He was commanded to summon those bones so that they might be clothed in flesh and their sinews knit together. At Allah’s command he called to them, and the entire people arose, pronouncing the takbīr as one man. (5)

(1) The phrase “bāb – dhikr” does not appear in manuscripts B and T. (2) In manuscript T it reads “al-qāim,” which does not correspond to al-Tabari’s original text. (3) al-Tabari, History (vol. 1, p. 457). (4) Ibid. (vol. 1, p. 457). (5) Here Ibn Kathir abbreviates the material, thereby compromising its content; al-Tabari presents it in full in his History (vol. 1, pp. 457–458) and also in his Tafsir (vol. 5, p. 468).
باب ذكر (١) جَماعَة من أنبياء بني إسرائيل بعد موسى (عليه السلام) ثم نتبعهم بذكر داود وسليمان (رحمه الله) . قال ابن جرير في "تاريخه" : لا خلافَ بينَ أهلِ العلم بأخبار الماضين وأمور السالفين من أمتنا وغيرهم أن القيِّم (٢) بأمور بني إسرائيل بعد يوشع كان كالب بن يوفنا (٣) -يعني أحد أصحاب موسى (عليه السلام) وهو زوج أخته مريم، وهو أحد الرجلين اللذين ممن يخافون الله، وهما يوشع وكالب، وهما القائلان لبني إسرائيل حين نكلوا عن الجهاد: ﴿ادْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ غَالِبُونَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [المائدة ٢٣] قال ابن جرير (٤) : ثمّ من بعده كان القائم بأمور بني إسرائيل حِزْقيل بن بوذي، وهو الذي دعا الله فأحيا الذين خرجوا من ديارهم وهم ألوف حذر الموت. * * * [قصة حزقيل] قال الله تعالى ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ اللَّهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيَاهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ﴾ [سورة البقرة: ٢٤٣] . قال محمد بن إسحاق عن وهب بن مُنَبّه: إن كالب بن يوفنا لما قبضه الله إليه بعد يوشع خلف في بني إسرائيل حِزقيل بن بوذي، وهو ابن العجوز، وهو الذي دعا للقوم الذين ذكرهم الله في كتابه -فيما بلغنا- ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ﴾ قال ابن إسحاق: فروا من الوباء، فنزلوا بصعيد من الأرض ففال لهم الله: موتوا، فماتوا جميعًا، فحظروا عليهم حظيرة دون السباع فمضت عليهم دهور طويلة، فمر بهم حزقيل (عليه السلام) فوقف عليهم متفكرًا، فقيل له: أتحب أن يبعثهم الله وأنت تنظر؟ فقال: نعم. فأُمِر أن يدعو تلك العظام أن تكتسي لحمًا، وأَن يتصل العصبُ بعضه ببعض، فناداهم عن أمر الله له بذلك، فقام القوم أجمعون وكبّروا تكبيرة رجلٍ واحدٍ (٥) .
(١) قوله: باب - ذكر، ليس في ب، و ط. (٢) في ط: القائم، وهو لا يوافق نص الطبري. (٣) تاريخ الطبري (١/ ٤٥٧). (٤) المصدر السابق (١/ ٤٥٧). (٥) اختصر ابن كثير هنا فأخل بمضمونه وقد ذكره الطبري مفصلًا في تاريخه (١/ ٤٥٧ - ٤٥٨) وتفسيره أيضًا (٥/ ٤٦٨).

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