Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

They took him prisoner and appropriated all his stores and wealth—which were exceedingly great—then moved down the coast, occupying eighteen pulpits (1) in addition to the surrounding villages. A large number of people converted to Christianity at their hands—may Allah curse them— (2). They came to Ḥimṣ, where they burned and looted, and the Byzantine king remained for two months, seizing whatever territory he pleased and capturing every soul he could. An awesome dread of him settled in people’s hearts. When he finally returned to his own land he carried off nearly one hundred thousand boys and girls as captives. His withdrawal was prompted by the many diseases that had struck his army and their yearning for their children, families, and homelands.

He dispatched a column to al-Jazīrah, where they pillaged and enslaved. In those days Qarquwayh, once a slave of Sayf al-Dawlah, had seized Aleppo and expelled his master’s son Abū al-Maʿālī Sharīf ibn Sayf al-Dawlah. Abū al-Maʿālī set out for Ḥarrān, which was under his authority, but its people refused him entry. He therefore went to his mother in Mayyāfāriqīn—she was the daughter of Saʿīd ibn Ḥamdān—and stayed with her a while, then marched to Ḥamāh and took it, returning to Aleppo two years later, as will be mentioned. When the Byzantines devastated Syria that year, Qarquwayh courted their favour on behalf of Aleppo, sending them money and gifts. They then turned back to Antioch, captured it, slaughtered a great many of its inhabitants, and took almost all the rest into captivity. From there they rode on to Aleppo while Abū al-Maʿālī was besieging his former servant Qarquwayh. Fearing them, Abū al-Maʿālī fled; the Byzantines invested Aleppo, took the city, but the citadel resisted them. They eventually agreed with Qarquwayh to a perpetual truce in return for an annual tribute, handed the city over to him, and withdrew.

In this same year a man called Abū Khazr rebelled against the Fatimid al-Muʿizz while the latter was still in Ifrīqiyah. Al-Muʿizz advanced against him in person with his troops; Abū Khazr fled, and al-Muʿizz sent Yūsuf Bulukīn (3) ibn Zīrī after him. Bulukīn brought him back and drove him out, whereupon Abū Khazr returned and sought safe-conduct; al-Muʿizz granted it and pardoned him.

That year a messenger from the commander Jawhar reached al-Muʿizz with the glad tidings of Egypt’s conquest and the establishment of the Fatimid call there, together with an invitation for him to come. Al-Muʿizz rejoiced immensely, and poets hastened to praise him. Among them was his court poet Muḥammad ibn Hānī, who opened an ode with the lines:

The sons of al-ʿAbbās ask, “Has Egypt been taken?”
Say to the sons of al-ʿAbbās: “The matter is settled.”

Ibn al-Athīr relates that in this same year Nikophoros, who had first been domestikos and then became king of the Byzantines, died. He had intended to kill the two sons of the preceding monarch, but their mother discovered his plan and slew him by stealth.

He adds: This accursed man was himself born to Muslim parents; his father, one of the righteous Muslims of Ṭarsūs, was known as Ibn al-Faqqās. Yet this dog embraced Christianity, won favour with the Byzantines, and attained the rank he held. He became one of the fiercest of people against the Muslims and conquered many lands by force.

(1) i.e., a town, since the minbar (pulpit) is erected only in a mosque where Friday prayer is held. (2) Enclosed between two brackets marked “(b)”. (3) In source (h) it reads “Yusuf ibn Balkin ibn Ziri,” which is erroneous; the correct reading is preserved in source (b). See Wafayat al-A‘yan, vol. 1, pp. 286–287.
فأسرته الروم، واستحوذوا على جميع حواصله وأمواله، وكانت كثيرة جدًّا، ثم مالوا على السواحل، فملكوا ثمانية عشر منبرًا (١) سوى القرى، وتنصَّر خَلْق كثير على أيديهم [لعنهم الله] (٢) ، وجاؤوا حمص فحرقوا ونهبوا، ومكث ملك الرُّوم شهرين، فأخذ ما شاء من البلاد، وأسر من قدر عليه من العباد، وصارت له مهابة عظيمة في قلوب النَّاس، ثم عاد إلى بلاده ومعه من السَّبي نحو من مئة ألف صبيٍّ وصبية، وكان سبب عوده إلى بلاده كثرة الأمراض في جيشه، واشتياقهم إلى أولادهم وأهليهم وأوطانهم، وبعث سريةً إلى الجزيرة، فنهبوا وسبوا، وكان قرغويه غلام سيف الدولة قد استحوذ على حلب، وأخرج منها ابنَ أستاذه أبا المعالي شريف بن سيف الدولة، فسار إلى حَرَّان وهي تحت حكمه، فأبوا أن يدخلوه إليهم، فذهب إلى أمه بميَّافارِقين، وهي ابنة سعيد بن حَمْدان، فمكث عندها حينًا، ثم سار إلى حماة فملكها، ثم عاد إلى حلب بعد سنتين كما سنذكره فيما بعد، ولما عاثتِ الروم في هذه السنة بالشَّام صانعهم قرغويه عن حلب، وبعث إليهم بأموالٍ وتحف، ثم عادوا إلى أنطاكية فملكوها وقتلوا خلقًا كثيرًا بها، وسبوا عامة أهلها، وركبوا إلى حلب وأبو المعالي محاصر غلامه قرغويه، فخافهم أبو المعالي، فهرب عنها وحاصرها الرُّوم فأخذوا البلد، وامتنعت القلعة عليهم، ثم اصطلحوا مع قرغويه على هدنة مؤبدة ومال يحمله كل سنة، وسلَّموا إليه البلد، ورجعوا عنه. وفي هذه السنة خرج على المعز الفاطمي وهو بإفريفية رجلٌ يقال له أبو خزر، فنهض إليه المعز بنفسه وجنوده فهرب منه، فأرسل في طلبه يوسف بُلُكين (٣) بن زيري، فردَّه وطرده، ثم عاد فاستأمن، فقبل منه المعز ذلك، وصفح عنه. وجاء الرسول من جوهر القائد إلى المعز في هذه السنة يبشِّره بفتح الديار المصرية وإقامة الدعوة لهم فيها، وطلبه إليه، ففرح بذلك المعز الفاطمي فرحًا شديدًا وامتدحه الشعراء، فكان ممن امتدحه شاعره محمد بن هانئ في قصيدةٍ أولها: يقول بنو العَبَّاس هل فُتِحتْ مِصْرُ … فَقُلْ لبني العَبَّاس قد قُضِيَ الأَمْرُ وذكر ابنُ الأثير أن في هذه السنة توفي النقفور الذي كان دُمَستقًا ثم صار ملك الروم، وأراد قتل ابني الملك الذي كان قبله، فغارت أمهما له، فقتلته غيلة. قال: وقد كان هذا اللعين من أبناء المسلمين، كان أبوه من أهل طَرَسُوس من خيار المسلمين يعرف بابن الفقَّاس، فتنصَّر هذا الكلب، وحظي عند النصارى حتى صار من أمره ما صار، وكان من أشدِّ الناس على المسلمين، وقد أخذ بلادًا كثيرًا عَنْوةً؛
(١) أي بلدًا، لأن المنبر لا يقام إلا في مسجد تقام به صلاة الجمعة. (٢) ما بين حاصرتين من (ب). (٣) في (ح): يوسف بن بلكين بن زيري، وهو وهم، والمثبت من (ب)، وانظر وفيات الأعيان (١/ ٢٨٦ - ٢٨٧).

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