Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

whereupon a man gave him five hundred dirhams, it is said that he did this solely to disparage al-Mustakfī bi-Llāh; Allah knows best. His biographical notice will appear when we come to the account of his death.

The Caliphate of al-Rāḍī bi-Llāh, Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad (1) son of al-Muqtadir bi-Llāh

When the troops deposed al-Qāhir and put out his eyes, they brought forward Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn al-Muqtadir bi-Llāh, pledged allegiance to him, and conferred upon him the title al-Rāḍī bi-Llāh. Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī had proposed that he be styled al-Murtaḍā bi-Llāh (2), but the suggestion was refused and the former title adopted instead. This took place on Wednesday, the 6th of Jumādā al-Awwal in that year—that is, 322 AH. They then produced al-Qāhir, now blind after his eyes had been gouged, and set him before the new caliph; he greeted al-Rāḍī with the salutation due to the caliphate and formally handed it over to him. Al-Rāḍī assumed its burdens and, as we shall relate, proved to be one of the finest of the caliphs.

He summoned Abū ʿAlī ibn Muqla and appointed him vizier, placing ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā as overseer of his conduct. All those imprisoned by al-Qāhir were released. He also summoned ʿĪsā, al-Qāhir’s physician, fined him two-hundred thousand dinars, and took from him the trust al-Qāhir had deposited with him—an immense store of gold, silver, and precious objects.

In that same year the power of Mardāwij in Isfahan grew formidable. People said he intended to march on Baghdad and that he was in league with the lord of Bahrain (3) [leader of the Qarmatians] (4); the two, it was claimed, had agreed to transfer dominion from the Arabs to the Persians. He dealt harshly with his subjects, especially with his Turkish household troops, so they conspired against him and killed him. The chief agent in the plot was his closest and most favored mamluk, Bujkum—may Allah brighten his face. This very commander later rescued the Black Stone from the Qarmatians, ransoming it from them for fifty-thousand dinars and restoring it to Mecca, as will be mentioned (5).

When Mardāwij ibn Ziyār the Daylamite was slain, the standing of ʿAlī ibn Būyah rose greatly; his esteem among the people increased and his prestige among kings soared—what became of him will be told in its proper place.

After al-Qāhir was deposed and al-Rāḍī installed, Hārūn ibn Gharīb set his sights on the caliphate (6), being the maternal cousin of al-Muqtadir,‎

(1) In some sources: Ahmad. (2) In the printed edition (ṭ) and in the manuscripts: al-Murdi billah, and al-Muthabbit min Akhbar al-Radi wa al-Muttaqi by al-Susri (pp. 2–4). (3) That is, Abu Tahir al-Qarmati. (4) In the printed edition (ṭ): “between two siegeworks.” (5) It is well known that the Qarmatians refused to return the Black Stone in exchange for what the Abbasid governor of Egypt had paid them, saying, “We took it by order, and we will return it only by order.” They meant that they had seized it by the command of the Ubaydid governor of Egypt. They finally returned it in 339 AH, as will be mentioned in that year’s events. (6) He could not aspire to the caliphate since he was not of Abbasid descent. More precisely, he sought the imarat al-umara (emirate of the commanders), which Ibn al-Athir calls the dawla (state) (al-Kamil, vol. 8, pp. 288–289).
ويقال: إنه إنما أراد بهذا الصنيع التشنيع على المستكفي بالله، فالله أعلم. وستأتي ترجمته إذا ذكرنا وفاته. خلافة الرَّاضي بالله أبي العَبَّاس محمد (١) بن المقتدر بالله لما خلعتِ الجندُ القاهر، وسملوه، أحضروا أبا العبَّاس محمد بن المقتدر بالله، فبايعوه على الخلافة ولقبوه الرَّاضي بالله. وكان أبو بكر الصُّولي قد أشار بأن يلقب بالمرتضي بالله (٢) فلم يقبل، وعدل إلى هذا اللقب، وذلك يوم الأربعاء لستٍّ خلون من جمادى الأولى من هذه السنة - أعني سنة ثنتين وعشرين وثلاثمثة - وجاؤوا بالقاهر وهو أعمى قد سُمِلَتْ عيناه، فأوقف بين يديه، فَسَلَّم عليه بالخلافة وسلَّمها إليه، فقام الراضي بأعبائها، وكان من خيار الخلفاء على ما سنذكره. وأمر بإحضار أبي علي بن مُقْلة فولَّاه الوزارة، وجعل عليَّ بن عيسى ناظرًا عليه، وأطلق كل منْ كان في حبس القاهر، واستدعى عيسى طبيب القاهر فصادره بمئتي ألف دينار، وتسلَّم منه الوديعة التي كان القاهر أودعها عنده، وكانت جملة مستكثرة من الذهب والفِضَّة والنفائس. وفي هذه السنة عَظُمَ أمر مَرْدَاويج بأصبهان، وتحدث الناس أنه يريد قَصْدَ بغداد، وأنه ممالئ لصَاحب البحرين (٣) [أمير القرامطة] (٤) وقد اتفقا على رَدّ الدَّوْلة من العرب إلى العَجَم، وأساء السيرة في رعيته، لاسيما في خواصه من الأتراك؛ فتمالؤوا على قتله فقتلوه، وكان القائم بأعباء ذلك أخص مماليكه وأحظاهم عنده، وهو بُجْكُمْ بيَّض الله وجهه، وهذا الأمير هو الذي استنقذ الحجر الأسود من أيدي القرامطة، وافتداه منهم بخمسين ألف دينار، بذلها لهم حتى ردُّوه إلى مكة، كما سيأتي (٥) . ولما قُتِلَ مَرْدَاويج بن زيَّار الدَّيْلَمي عَظُمَ أمر علي بن بُوَيْه، وارتفع قدرُه بين النَّاس، وعلا شأنه في الملوك، وسيأتي ما آل إليه حاله. ولما خُلِعَ القاهر وولي الراضي طَمِعَ هارون بن غريب في الخلافة (٦) ، لكونه ابن خال المقتدر،
(١) في بعض المصادر: أحمد. (٢) في (ط) والنسخ الخطية: المرضي بالله، والمثبت من أخبار الراضي والمتقي للصولي (ص ٢ - ٤). (٣) يعني أبا طاهر القرمطي. (٤) ما بين حاصرتين من (ط). (٥) من المعروف أن القرامطة أبوا أن يردوا الحجر الأسود لقاء ما دفعه لهم بجكم، وقالوا: أخذناه بأمر وما نرده إلا بأمر، ويعنون بذلك أنهم أخذوه بأمر صاحب مصر العبيدي، وقد ردوه سنة (٣٣٩ هـ) كما سيأتي في أحداث ذلك العام. (٦) لا يمكن أن يطمع بالخلافة لأنه ليس من نسل العباسيين، والأصح أنه طمع بإمرة الأمراء، وهي ما عبر عنه ابن الأثير بالدولة، الكامل (٨/ ٢٨٨ - ٢٨٩).

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