Muḥammad ibn Abī al-Ḥusayn [Aḥmad] (1) ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmmār (2)—the martyred ḥāfiẓ, Abū al-Faḍl al-Harawī, also known as Ibn Abī Saʿd (3).
He travelled to Baghdad and there narrated from Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī. Ibn al-Muẓaffar, the ḥāfiẓ, transmitted from him.
He was counted among the trustworthy, firmly grounded masters of memorisation, and he composed critical notes on a dozen or so reports in Muslim’s Ṣaḥīḥ.
The Qarmaṭians slew him at Mecca on the Day of Tarwiyah of this very year, together with the others they killed. May Allah have mercy on him, honor his resting place, and appoint the gardens of al-Firdaws as his final abode and refuge.
Al-Kaʿbī the theologian (4): Abū al-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Maḥmūd al-Balkhī, al-Kaʿbī, the mutakallim (5), so called after Banū Kaʿb. He was one of the senior shaykhs of the Muʿtazilah, and the faction among them known as the Kaʿbiyyah is traced back to him.
Qāḍī Ibn Khallikān said: “He was among the foremost dialectical theologians and had independent positions in kalām; among them his assertion that the acts of Allah Most High occur without choice or will (6).” Thus he reported.
I say: Al-Kaʿbī has contradicted the explicit text of the Qur’an in more than one passage. Allah, Exalted be He, says, “Your Lord creates whatever He wills and chooses” (28:68); and He says, “Had your Lord willed, they would not have done it” (6:112); and, “Had We willed, We would surely have given every soul its guidance” (32:13); and, “When We intend to destroy a town, We command its affluent ones, but they transgress therein; so the word becomes binding upon it, and We destroy it utterly” (17:16)—and many other verses whose meaning is evident to sound reason and confirmed by authentic revelation.