Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Among his poetry:
If hardship visits me, my companion never knows;
and when I prosper, my friend prospers too.
My modesty preserves the water of my face,
and the gentleness of my asking is itself my ally.
Had I been willing to squander my dignity,
the road to wealth would have been easy for me. (1)

More of his verse:
Two traits whose paths I shall never approve:
the swagger of wealth and the abasement of poverty.
So, if you are rich, do not grow arrogant,
and if you become poor, then vanquish fate. (2)

He passed away at the time of Maghrib on the evening of Sunday, with two days of Shawwal remaining in the year 310 AH. He had passed eighty by five or six years, and much of the hair on his head and beard was still black. He was buried in his own house because some rabble among the common Hanbalis prevented his burial during daylight, accusing him of Shi‘ism; other ignoramuses even branded him an unbeliever. Far is he from either charge! Rather, he was one of the Imams of Islam in mastery (3) of the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger. They had merely inherited those accusations from Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Dawud (4), who used to malign him with grave charges and label him a Rafidi.

When he died, people from every quarter of the city assembled, performed the funeral prayer for him in his house, and he was interred there. For months thereafter people continued to visit his grave, praying for him—may Allah have mercy on him.

I say: I have seen a work of his in which he gathered the hadiths of Ghadir Khumm (5) in two large volumes, and another in which he collected the various chains for the Hadith of the Bird (6). It has also been attributed to him that he held the permissibility of wiping over the feet in wuduʾ, without requiring washing, and this view became widely known from him.

Consequently, some scholars claim that there were two men named Ibn Jarir: one who was Shiʿite—thus the view is ascribed to him—thereby exonerating this Abu Jaʿfar from such descriptions. What is relied upon from his words in the Tafsir is that he deems washing the feet obligatory, together with rubbing them while washing; he merely expressed the rubbing by the term “wiping,” and many of

(1) al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 2, p. 165. (2) al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 2, pp. 165–166. (3) In the ṭāʾ edition: ilmān wa-ʿamalan bi-kitāb Allāh (knowledge and practice of the Book of God). (4) In the ṭāʾ edition: al-faqīh al-ẓāhirī (the ẓāhirī jurist). (5) This is the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) statement to ʿAli at Ghadīr Khumm—a valley near al-Juhfa—“Man kuntu mawlāhu fa-ʿAliyun mawlāhu” (“Whoever I am the mawla of, ʿAli is his mawla”). This hadith is authentic, its text is mutawātir (consecutively transmitted), and it was recorded by Aḥmad in his Musnad (no. 950). (6) This is the hadith narrated by Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “I used to serve the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). He was presented with a roasted bird and prayed, ‘O Allah, bring to me the one among Your creation whom You love most, so that he may eat with me of this bird.’ ʿAli came and ate with him.” It was recorded by al-Tirmidhī (no. 3721), who classified it as weak.
ومن شِعْره: إذا أعْسَرْتُ لم يَعلمْ رفيقي … وأستَغْني فيَسْتغني صديقي حَيَائي حافِظٌ لي ماءَ وجهي … وَرِفْقي في مُطالبتي رَفِيقي ولو أني سَمَحْتُ بِبَذْلِ وَجْهي … لكنتُ إلى الغِنى سَهْلَ الطَّريقِ (١) ومن شِعره أيضًا: خُلُقان لا أرْضَى طريقَهُما … بَطَرُ الغِنى ومَذَلَّةُ الفَقْر فإذا غنيتَ فلا تكُنْ بَطِرًا … وإذا افْتَقَرْتَ فَتِهْ على الدَّهْر (٢) وقد كانت وفاتُه وَقْتَ المَغْرب من عَشِيَّة يوم الأحد ليومين بقيا من شوَّال من سنة عشر وثلاثمئة، وقد جاوز الثمانين سنة بخمس سنين أو ست سنين، وفي شَعْر رأسه ولحيته سوادٌ كثير، ودفن في داره لأن بعض الرَّعاع من عوام الحنابلة منعوا من دفنه نهارًا، ونسبوه إلى الرَّفْض، ومن الجهلة منْ رماه بالإلحاد، وحاشاه من هذا ومن ذاك، بل كان أحدَ أئمة الإسلام في العلم (٣) بكتاب اللّه وسُنَّة رسوله، وإنما تقلَّدوا ذلك عن أبي بكرٍ محمد بن داود (٤) ، حيث كان يتكلَّم فيه ويرميه بالعَظَائم وبالرَّفض. ولما توفي اجتمع النَّاس من سائر البلد، وصلَّوا عليه بداره، ودُفنَ بها، ومكث الناس يترددون إلى قَبْره شهورًا يصلُّون عليه، (رحمه الله) . قلت: وقد رأيتُ له كتابًا جَمَعَ فيه أحاديث غدير خُمّ (٥) في مجلَّدين ضخمين، وكتابًا جمع فيه طُرُقَ حديث الطير (٦) . ونُسِبَ إليه أنه كان يقول بجواز مَسْح القَدَمين في الوضوء، وأنه لا يوجب الغَسْلَ، وقد اشْتُهرَ عنه هذا. فمن العلماء منْ يزعمُ أن ابنَ جريرٍ اثنان: أحدهما شيعي وإليه ينسب ذلك، ويبرؤون أبا جعفر هذا من هذه الصِّفَات. والذي عُوِّلَ عليه كلامُه في "التفسير" أنه يوجب غَسْلَ القدمين، ويوجب مع الغَسْل دَلْكَهُما، ولكنه عَبَّر عن الدَّلْكِ بالمَسْح، فلم يَفْهم كثير من
(١) تاريخ بغداد (٢/ ١٦٥). (٢) تاريخ بغداد (٢/ ١٦٥ - ١٦٦). (٣) في (ط) علمًا وعملًا بكتاب اللّه. (٤) في (ط): الفقيه الظاهري. (٥) هو قول النَّبِيّ ﷺ لعلي في غدير خم - وهو وادٍ بالجحفة - "من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه" وهو حديث صحيح، ومتنه متواتر، أخرجه أحمد في مسنده برقم (٩٥٠). (٦) هو الحديث الذي رواه أنس بن مالك ﵁ ، قال: كنت أخدم رسول اللّه ﷺ ، فقدم له فرخ مشوي، فقال: اللهم، ائتني بأحب خلقك إليك يأكل معي من هذا الطير فجاء علي ﵁ فأكل معه. وقد أخرجه الترمذي (٣٧٢١). وضعفه.

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