Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

On the morning of that very day the army of that wretch entered Basra by force, killing a great multitude of its people. The city’s deputy, Bughrāj, fled together with those under his command. The Zanj set fire to Basra’s congregational mosque and to many houses, and they plundered the city.

Then Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Muhallabī, one of the rebel’s lieutenants, called out among them: “Whoever desires safety, let him come forward!” A large number of townspeople gathered, whereupon he realized he had found his opportunity; he betrayed them and ordered that they be killed, and only a few escaped.

The Zanj would surround each group of Basrans, and then they would say to one another, “Measure,” which was their signal when they intended to kill someone. They would fall upon him with swords, and you would hear nothing but (1) the victims’ profession of the shahāda and their cries at the moment of slaughter — surely, we belong to Allah and to Him we return.

In this same manner [they would act in] (2) every quarter of Basra over the course of several days. People fled from them by every possible route. They set fire to the pastureland from hill to hill, and the flames (3) consumed whatever they found — human beings, livestock, furnishings, and everything else; they even burned the great mosque as well.

[Many notable figures, men of letters, virtuous scholars, ḥadīth transmitters, and learned people were killed in these events; we belong to Allah and to Him we return] (4).

This miscreant had already inflicted a terrible defeat upon the people of Fārs (5). When he later heard that abundant supplies had reached the people of Basra and that their hardship had lifted, he envied them for it. Ibn Jarīr (6) relates from someone who heard the rebel himself say: “I prayed against the people of Basra, and I was addressed, saying: ‘The people of Basra are but a loaf of bread [for you] (7); you eat it from its edges. When half the loaf has been broken, Basra will be laid waste.’ I interpreted that as referring to the eclipse of the moon.” This was widely repeated among his followers until events unfolded exactly accordingly.

There is no doubt that a devil was conversing with him, just as a devil used to come to Musaylima and speak to him — Allah knows best (8).

When his followers — Zanj and others — had wrought upon the people of Basra what they did, he said to those with him, namely on the morning of that day: “I prayed against the people of Basra, and Basra was lifted up before me (9) between heaven and earth, and I saw its inhabitants…"

(1) In manuscript Ṭ it reads: “except for the phrase ‘ashhadu an lā ilāha illā Allāh’ uttered by those being killed, and their uproar at the moment of death” (i.e. the Zanj’s screams and laughter), “fa-innā lillāh …” (2) From manuscripts B, Zā, and Ṭ. (3) In manuscript A: “tuhriq” (she burns). (4) An addition found in manuscripts B, Zā, and the Egyptian printed copy. (5) In manuscript A: “kabīrah” (great). (6) At-Tabarī, vol. 9, p. 481. (7) An addition from manuscript Ṭ and At-Tabarī. (8) From manuscripts B and Zā. (9) From manuscript Ṭ and At-Tabarī.
وفي صبيحة هذا اليوم دخل جيشُ الخبيث إلى البصرة قَهْرا، فقتَلَ من أهلها خلْقًا كثيرًا، وهرب نائبها بُغراج ومَن معه، وحرقت الزَّنجُ جامعَ البصرة ودورًا كثيرة، وانتهبوها، ثم نادى فيهم إبراهيم بن يحيى المهلبي أحدُ أصحاب الخارجي: مَنْ أراد الأمان فليحضر. فاجتمع خلْق كثير من أهلها، فرأى أنَّه قد أصاب فرصةً، فغدَرَ بهم، وأمر بقتلهم، فلم يفلت منهم إلا الشاذ. كانت الزَّنج تحيط بالجماعة من أهل البصرة، ثم يقول بعضهم لبعض: كيلوا، وهي الإشارة بينهم إذا أرادوا قتلَ أحدٍ، فيحملون عليه بالسيوف، فلا تسمع إلا (١) تشهّد أولئك، وضجيجهم عند القتل، فإنَّا للّه وإنا إليه راجعون. وهكذا [يفعلون في] (٢) كُلّ مَحَلَّةٍ من محال البصرة في عدة أيام، وهرب الناس منهم كُلَّ مهربٍ، وأحرقوا الكلأ من الجبل إلى الجبل، فحرقت (٣) النار ما وجدت من شيءٍ؛ من إنسان، أو بهيمة، أو أثاث أو غير ذلك؛ وأحرقوا المسجد الجامع أيضًا. [وقد قتل في هؤلاء جماعةٌ كثيرة من الأعيان والأدباء والفضلاء والمحدّثين والعلماء؛ فإنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون] (٤) . وكان هذا الخبيث قد أوقع بأهل فارس وقعةً عظيمة (٥) ، ثم بلَغَه أنَّ أهلَ البصرة قد جاءهم من الميرة شيءٌ كثيرٌ، وقد اتسعوا بعد الضّيق، فحسدهم على ذلك، فروى ابنُ جرير (٦) عمَّن سمعه يقول: دَعَوْتُ اللهَ على أهل البصرة. فخوطبْتُ، فقيل لي: إنَّما أهلُ البصرة خُبْزَةٌ [لك] (٧) تأكلها من جوانبها؛ فإذا انكسر نصْفُ الرَّغيف خربت البصرة، فأوَّلتُ ذلك بانكساف القمر. وقد كان هذا شائعًا في أصحابه، حتَّى وقَعَ الأمرُ طِبْقَ ذلك. ولا شك أنَّ هذا كان مع شيطان يخاطبه، كما كان يأتي شيطان مسيلمة إلى مسيلمة، [والله أعلم] (٨) . ولما أوقَعَ أصحابه من الزَّنْج وغيرهم ما أوقعوا بأهل البصرة، قال لمن معه؛ أي: صبيحة ذلك اليوم: دَعَوْتُ اللهَ على أهل البصرة، فرُفعت لي [البصرة] (٩) بين السَّماء والأرض، ورأيْتُ أهلَها
(١) في ط: إلا قول أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله من أولئك المقتولين، وضجيجهم عند القتل، أي صراخ الزنج وضحكهم، فإنا لله … (٢) من ب، ظا، ط. (٣) في آ: تحرق. (٤) زيادة من ب، ظا والنسخة المصرية من المطبوع. (٥) في آ: كبيرة. (٦) الطبري (٩/ ٤٨١). (٧) زيادة من ط والطبري. (٨) من ب، ظا. (٩) من ط والطبري.

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