Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He was then allowed to proceed to Wāsiṭ, so he set out accompanied by a detachment of guards—about four hundred men—assigned to conduct him there.⦗1⦘

Al-Muʿtazz appointed Aḥmad ibn Isrāʾīl as his vizier,⦗2⦘ invested him with a robe of honour, and placed a jewelled crown upon his head.

Once affairs in Baghdad were firmly settled, the oath of allegiance to al-Muʿtazz secure, its people obedient, order restored, provisions flowing in from every direction, and the populace enjoying ample livelihood and food, Abū Aḥmad left the city on Saturday, the twelfth night of Muḥarram, bound for Sāmarrāʾ. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṭāhir, together with leading commanders, escorted him; Abū Aḥmad bestowed on Ibn Ṭāhir five robes of honour and a sword, then sent him back from al-Rūdhbār.⦗3⦘

Ibn Jarīr⦗4⦘ quotes at length the panegyrics composed for al-Muʿtazz and the poets’ glee at the deposition of al-Mustaʿīn. Among them is the poem of Muḥammad ibn Marwān ibn Abī al-Janūb ibn Marwān, praising al-Muʿtazz and vilifying al-Mustaʿīn, as poets are wont to do:⦗5⦘

All matters have returned to al-Muʿtazz once more,
While al-Mustaʿīn⦗6⦘ is back in the state he knew before.

He knew the kingdom was never his to claim—
It was yours; he but deceived himself with the game.

The Lord of sovereignty, Who gives and withdraws the crown,
Granted you the realm and from him tore it down.

The caliphate never fitted him in the least—
Like a woman with a husband, married only for fleeting peace.

How ugly to the people was his investiture that day,
How lovely their words now that he has been put away.

[Would that the ship had borne him off to Mount Qāf;
My life be the ransom of the helmsman who cast him off!
How many a king before you governed men with force—
Had he been laden with your burdens, he would have limped his course.]⦗7⦘

With you the people, after hardship, dwell at ease;
Allah brings spaciousness after every squeeze.

May Allah repel from you every harm a monarch might bring,
For through you He has driven misfortune from us and everything.

From Sāmarrāʾ the Commander of the Faithful al-Muʿtazz wrote to the deputy of Baghdad, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṭāhir, instructing him to strike out the name

(1) In the Ā edition: “nahw.” (2) In the Ṭ edition, “Aḥmad ibn Abī Isrāʾīl” is incorrect. See his biography in Siyar Aʿlam al-Nubalāʾ, vol. 12, p. 332. (3) In the Ṭ edition it is rendered incorrectly as “warddahu min al-ṭarīq ilā Baghdād.” “Al-Rūdhbār” is the name of several riverside sites, including a village near Baghdad (Yāqūt). (4) See Tārīkh al-Tariq, vol. 9, pp. 350–353. (5) Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 9, p. 351. (6) In al-Ṭabarī: “wa-l-mustaʿān.” (7) The words in parentheses are a later addition in the Ṭ edition and al-Ṭabarī. “Ẓalaʿ fī mashīhī” means “ʿaraja” (to limp).
ثم أذن له في المسير إلى واسط، فخرج ومعه حرسٌ يوصلوه إليها نحوًا (١) من أربعئمة. واستَوزر المعتز أحمد بن إسرائيل (٢) ، وخلَعَ عليه، وألبَسَه تاجًا على رأسه. ولمَّا تمهَّد أمرُ بغدادَ واستقرَّت البيعة للمعتزّ بها، ودان له أهلُها، واجتمع شملُها، وقدمتها الميرةُ من كُلِّ جانب، واتَّسَعَ الئاس في الأرزاق والأطعمة، ركبَ أبو أحمد منها في يوم السبت لاثنتي عشرة ليلة خلت من المحرّم إلى سامُرّا، وشيَّعه محمد بن عبد اللّه بن طاهر في وجوه القواد، فخلع أبو أحمد على ابن طاهر خمسَ خلع وسيفًا، وردَّه من الرُّوذَبار (٣) . وقد ذكر ابنُ جرير (٤) مدائحَ الشعراء في المعتزِّ وتشفّيهم بخلْعِ المستعين، فأكثَرَ من ذلك جدًّا. فمن ذلك قولُ محمد بن مروان بن أبي الجَنوب بن مروان في مدح المعتزِّ وذمِّ المستعين، كما جرت عادة الشعراء (٥) : إنَّ الأمورَ إلى المعتزِّ قد رَجَعتْ … والمُستعين (٦) إلى حالاتِهِ رَجَعا وكانَ يَعلَمُ أنَّ المُلْكَ ليسَ لَهُ … وَأنَّهُ لَكَ لكنْ نفسَهُ خَدَعا ومالكُ المُلْكِ مُؤتِيهِ ونازِعُهُ … آتاكَ مُلْكًا ومنهُ الملكَ قَدْ نَزَعا إنَّ الخِلافَةَ كانتْ لا تُلائِمُهُ … كانَتْ كَذَاتِ حَليلٍ زُوِّجَتْ مُتَعَا ماكان أقبحَ عندَ النَّاسِ بَيْعَتَهُ … وكانَ أحسَنَ قَوْل النَّاسِ قد خُلِعا [ليتَ السَّفِينَ إلى قافٍ دَفَعْنَ بهِ … نفسي الفِداءُ لملاحٍ بهِ دَفَعَا كم سَاسَ قبلَكَ أمْرَ النَّاسِ من مَلِكٍ … لو كانَ حُمِّلَ ما حُمِّلْتَه ظَلَعا] (٧) أمْسَى بكَ النَّاسُ بعد الضِّيقِ في سَعَةٍ … واللّهُ يَجعلُ بعدَ الضِّيقِ مُتَّسَعَا واللّهُ يدفَعُ عنكَ السّوءَ من مَلِكٍ … فإنَّه بكَ عنَّا السوءَ قد دَفَعَا وكتب أمير المؤمنين المعتزُّ من سامُرّاء إلى نائب بغداد محمد بن عبد اللّه بن طاهر أن يُسقِطَ اسْمَ
(١) في آ: نحو. (٢) في ط: "أحمد بن أبي إسرائيل" خطأ. وتنظر ترجمته في سير أعلام النبلاء (١٢/ ٣٣٢). (٣) تحرفت في ط إلى: وردّه من الطريق إلى بغداد. و "الرُّوذَبار": لفظة لمواضع عدة عند الأنهار، منها قرية قرب بغداد. ياقوت. (٤) انظر تاريخ الطري (٩/ ٣٥٠ - ٣٥٣). (٥) تاريخ الطبري (٩/ ٣٥١). (٦) الطبري: والمستعان. (٧) ما بين قوسين زيادة من ط والطبري. و "ظَلع في مشيه": عَرَجَ.

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