This report is mursal and its chain of transmission is weak. It is astonishing that Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr declared it sound and used it as proof for the uprightness of everyone described as bearing knowledge—yet Imam Ahmad himself is one of the foremost scholars, may Allah have mercy on him and ennoble his resting place.
An Account of Imam Ahmad’s Circumstances After the Ordeal
When he left the caliphal palace after the flogging, he returned to his home, was treated until he recovered—praise and thanks belong to Allah—and then stayed indoors, neither attending the congregational prayers nor the Jumuʿah, and he refrained from teaching hadith. His only income came from an estate that yielded seventeen dirhams each month; he spent this on his family and was content with it (1), may Allah have mercy on him, patient and seeking reward.
He remained in that state throughout the caliphate of al-Muʿtaṣim and likewise during the reign of his son, Muhammad al-Wāthiq. When Jaʿfar ibn al-Muʿtaṣim, known as al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allah, assumed the caliphate, the people rejoiced, for he loved the sunnah and its adherents. He brought the inquisition to an end and wrote to the provinces forbidding anyone to speak of the doctrine that the Quran is created. He next wrote to his deputy in Baghdad, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, ordering him to send Ahmad ibn Hanbal to him. Ishaq summoned the Imam, honored and exalted him—knowing the caliph’s esteem for him—and questioned him privately about the Quran.
Imam Ahmad asked, “Is this a question meant to put me on trial, or one seeking guidance?”
He replied, “Rather, a question seeking guidance.”
[Imam Ahmad said, “It is the Speech of Allah, revealed and uncreated.”] (2) Ishaq was satisfied with this answer, prepared the Imam’s journey to the caliph in Sāmarrāʾ, and set out ahead of him.
News reached him that Ahmad ibn Hanbal had passed by his son (3) Muhammad ibn Ishaq without visiting or greeting him. Ishaq ibn Ibrahim became angry and complained to the caliph.
Al-Mutawakkil said, “Send him back, even if he has already stepped on my carpet.” Thus Imam Ahmad turned back on the road to Baghdad. He himself had been reluctant to make the journey, though many people were displeased by his return; yet he did so only because of the word of Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, the very man whose order had led to his flogging.
Later, an innovator named Ibn al-Thaljī (4) maligned him to the caliph, alleging that he maintained