He said:
I was then summoned and ushered into the presence of al-Muʿtaṣim. When he looked at me—while Ibn Abī Duʾād sat beside him—he remarked, “Did you not claim that he was a mere youth? Yet here stands an older, middle-aged man!”
When I drew near and offered the greeting, he said to me, “Come closer,” and he kept beckoning me until I was right before him. Then he ordered, “Sit down.” I sat, the iron weighing heavily upon me, and remained silent for a while.
I said, “Commander of the Faithful! To what did your cousin, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, invite people?”
He answered, “To bearing witness that there is no god but Allah.”
I said, “And I bear witness that there is no god but Allah.” I then reminded him of the ḥadith of Ibn ʿAbbās regarding the delegation of ʿAbd al-Qays (1) and added, “This is what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called them to.”
He said: Ibn Abī Duʾād then spoke at length in words I could not follow, for I was not versed in his style. Al-Muʿtaṣim remarked, “Had you not fallen into the hands of the one before me, I would never have subjected you to this trial.” Then he said, “O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, did I not order you to lift the inquisition?” I exclaimed, “Allahu Akbar! This is relief for the Muslims.”
He continued, “Debate with him, O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān; speak to him.” ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said to me, “What do you say about the Quran?” I did not reply. Al-Muʿtaṣim said, “Answer him.”
I said, “What do you say about knowledge?” He was silent. I added, “The Quran is part of Allah’s knowledge, and whoever claims that Allah’s knowledge is created has disbelieved in Allah.” He remained silent. They then murmured among themselves, “Commander of the Faithful, he has declared you and us unbelievers!” but he paid no attention.
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said, “Allah existed when there was no Quran.” I replied, “Did Allah exist when there was no knowledge?” He fell silent. They began arguing from every side, so I said, “Commander of the Faithful, present me with something from the Book of Allah or the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I will accept it.”
Ibn Abī Duʾād retorted, “And will you speak only on the basis of these two?” I answered, “Can Islam stand without them?”
Lengthy debates then ensued. They cited as proof His words, “No reminder ever comes to them from their Lord but that it is newly revealed” (Quran 21:2), and His words, “Allah is the Creator of everything” (Quran 13:16). I replied (2) that these are general statements qualified by His saying, “It destroyed everything” (Quran 46:25).
Ibn Abī Duʾād said, “By Allah, Commander of the Faithful, he is deviant, misleading, an innovator. Here are your judges and jurists—ask them!” So he asked, “What do you say about him?” and they answered as Ibn Abī Duʾād had.
They brought me again on the second day and debated with me, and then on the third day as well. Throughout it all my voice and my proof prevailed over them.
He said: Whenever they fell silent, Ibn Abī Duʾād would reopen the discussion, though he was one of the most ignorant of people concerning knowledge and dialectic. The issues (3) they raised in argument were of many kinds, yet they had no grasp of the transmitted reports; they began denying the traditions and rejecting their use as evidence.