shackled, set opposite one another in a litter on a single camel. When they reached the district of al-Raḥbah (1), a Bedouin ascetic named Jābir ibn ʿĀmir came up, greeted Imām Aḥmad, and said:
“O man, you are the people’s emissary, so do not bring misfortune upon them. Today you stand at the head of the ummah; beware of answering (2) lest they answer after you. If you love Allah, then be patient with what you are enduring, for only death lies between you and Paradise. If you are not killed, you will still die; and if you live on, you will live honorably.”
Imām Aḥmad said, “Those words fortified my resolve to persist in refusing their demand.”
When they drew near al-Maʾmūn’s army and halted one stage short of it, a servant approached, wiping his tears with the edge of his cloak and saying, “It grieves me, Abū ʿAbd Allāh, that al-Maʾmūn has unsheathed a sword he has never before drawn (3). He swears by his kinship to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that if you do not agree to say the Qur’an is created, he will kill you with that sword.”
Aḥmad related, “I knelt down, lifted my eyes to the sky, and prayed: ‘My Lord! Your forbearance has deluded this wicked man until he has dared (4) to strike and kill Your friends. O Allah, if the Qur’an is indeed Your uncreated Speech, then spare us his harm.’
“Then, in the last third of the night, a herald arrived with news of al-Maʾmūn’s death. I rejoiced. Shortly afterward word came that al-Muʿtaṣim had assumed the caliphate, that Aḥmad ibn Abī Duʾād had joined him, and that the trial had intensified. They sent us back to Baghdad by boat with some prisoners of war, during which I suffered much abuse. The shackles remained on my ankles, and my companion Muḥammad ibn Nūḥ died on the way; I led the funeral prayer for him.
“When I re-entered Baghdad I was ill, and it was Ramaḍān. I was then imprisoned for about twenty-eight months—some say a little over thirty—before being brought out to be flogged before al-Muʿtaṣim, as will be detailed, Allah willing, and in Him we trust. During my confinement I led the inmates in prayer while my chains were still fastened to my legs.”
The account of his flogging (may Allah be pleased with him) in the presence of al-Muʿtaṣim
“When al-Muʿtaṣim had me brought from the prison, the weight of my fetters was increased. I could not walk with them, so I tied them to my waist-cord and held them in my hand. They then produced a mount for me; I was hoisted onto it and nearly fell on my face from the heaviness of the irons, and no one was holding me. Yet Allah kept me safe until we reached the palace.
“I was placed in a room whose door was locked, and no lamp was with me. Wanting to perform wuduʾ (ablution), I stretched out my hand and found a vessel of water, from which I performed ablution. I then stood to pray, not knowing the direction of the qiblah (direction of prayer). When dawn broke, I discovered that I had been facing the qiblah—and all praise is for Allah.”