Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

While he was still in his mother’s womb, Allah revealed to her: “Do not fear and do not grieve. We shall return him to you and make him one of the Messengers” (al-Qasas 28:7). She was instructed that, once she delivered, she should place him in a chest and cast it upon the river. When the child was born, she obeyed.

But the moment her son disappeared from her sight, Satan whispered to her and she said to herself, “What have I done with my boy? Had he been slaughtered before me so I could bury and shroud him, that would have been dearer to me than throwing him to the sea’s beasts and fish.”

The water carried the chest until it reached a landing place where the maidservants of Pharaoh’s wife used to draw water. Seeing it, they took hold of it and were about to open it. One of them said, “There is treasure inside. If we open it, the queen will never believe the story of what we found.” So they carried it just as it was, without removing anything, and delivered it to her. When she opened it, she saw a baby boy, and Allah placed in her heart a love for him the like of which she had never felt for anyone. “The heart of Moses’s mother became empty” (al-Qasas 28:10) of every thought except Moses.

When the slaughterers heard of the child, they came to Pharaoh’s wife with their knives to kill him; this too, Ibn Jubayr, was among the trials. She said, “Leave him be. One child will not increase the numbers of the Children of Israel. Let me go to Pharaoh and ask that he grant him to me. If he does, you will have acted well; if he orders him slain, I shall not blame you.”

She came to Pharaoh and said, “He will be a comfort to my eye and yours” (al-Qasas 28:9). Pharaoh replied, “For you, yes—but I have no need of him.”

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “By the One in whose hand my soul is, had Pharaoh agreed that he be a comfort to his eye just as his wife did, Allah would have guided him as He guided her, but that was denied to him.”

The queen then sent for every woman who had milk so that she might choose a wet-nurse. Yet whenever a woman tried to suckle him he would not take her breast, until Pharaoh’s wife feared he would refuse all milk and die, and this saddened her. She therefore had him taken to the market and public square in hope of finding a nurse he would accept, but he still refused.

Moses’s mother awoke distraught and said to his sister, “Follow his trail and look for him. Do you hear anything about him? Is my son alive, or have the beasts devoured him?” She had forgotten what Allah had promised her. “His sister watched him from a distance, while they were unaware” (al-Qasas 28:11). (Junub refers to someone who fixes his gaze on something far off while remaining unnoticed nearby.)

When all the wet-nurses had failed, the girl, overjoyed, said, “Shall I direct you to a household who will care for him on your behalf and treat him with sincere affection?” (al-Qasas 28:12). They asked, “How do you know their sincerity? Perhaps they are related to him,” and they began to doubt her; this too, Ibn Jubayr, was among the trials.

She replied, “Their sincerity lies in their affection for him, their compassion toward him, their desire for the king’s favor, and their hope for his benefit.” They sent her off, and she went to his mother and told her the news. When the mother arrived and placed him in her lap, he lunged toward her breast and nursed until his little sides were full.

(1) The hadith was mentioned above. (2) In manuscript B: “Every woman who has a child, so that she may choose a wet nurse for him,” whereas in manuscript T it reads “to every woman who has la’af,” which is meaningless here. Al-za’ir refers to a woman who breast-feeds a child not her own. (3) naza: “to leap.” (4) In manuscript B: “yumassinahu.”
بطن أمّه مما يراد به فأوحى اللّه إليها أن ﴿وَلَا تَخَافِي وَلَا تَحْزَنِي إِنَّا رَادُّوهُ إِلَيْكِ وَجَاعِلُوهُ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ [القصص: ٧] فأمرها إذا ولدت أن تجعله في تابوتٍ، وتلقيه في اليمِّ، فلما ولدت فعلت ذلك، فلما توارى عنها ابنها أتاها الشيطان فقالت في نفسها: ما فعلت بابني؟ لو ذُبح عندي فواريتُه، وكفَّنتُه كان أحبَّ إليَّ من أن ألقيه إلى دوابّ البحر وحيتانه. فانتهى الماء به حتى أوفى عند فرضةٍ تستقي منها جواري امرأة فرعون، فلما رأينَه أخذنه فهممن أن يفتحن التابوت، فقال بعضهن: إن في هذا مالًا وإنا إن فتحناه لم تصدِّقْنا امرأةُ الملك بما وجدنا فيه، فحملنه كهيئته لم يُخرجن منه شيئًا حتى دفعنه إليها، فلما فتحته رأت فيه غلامًا، فألقى عليه منها محبةً لم يلق منها على أحد قط ﴿وَأَصْبَحَ فُؤَادُ أُمِّ مُوسَى فَارِغًا﴾ [القصص: ١٠] من ذكر كلِّ شيءٍ إلّا من ذكر موسى. فلما سمع الذَّبَّاحون بأمره أقبلوا بشفارهم إلى امرأة فرعون ليذبحوه، وذلك من الفتون يا ابن جبير، فقالت لهم: أقرُّوه فإن هذا الواحد لا يزيد في بني إسرائيل حتى آتي فرعون فأستوهبه منه، فإن وهبه لي كنتم قد أحسنتم وأجملتم، وإن أمر بذبحه لم ألُمكم، فأتت فرعون فقالت: ﴿قُرَّتُ عَيْنٍ لِي وَلَكَ﴾ [القصص: ٩] فقال فرعون: يكون لك، فأمّا لي فلا حاجة لي فيه. فقال رسول اللّه ﷺ : "وَالّذي يُحْلَفُ بِهِ لَوْ أَقَرَّ فِرْعَوْنُ أنْ يَكُوْنَ قُرَّةَ عَيْنٍ لَهُ كَما أَقَرَّتِ امْرأَتُهُ لَهَدَاهُ اللّهُ كَمَا هَدَاها، ولَكِنْ حَرَمَهُ ذلكَ" (١) فأرسلت إلى مَن حولها، إلى كلِّ امرأة لها لبن تختار ظِئْرًا (٢) ، فجعل كلّما أخذته امرأة منهن لترضعه لم يُقْبِل على ثديها، حتى أشفقت امرأة فرعون أن يمتنع من اللبن فيموت، فأحزنها ذلك، فأمرت به فأُخرج إلى السوق ومجمع الناس، ترجو أن تجد له ظِئرًا تأخذه منها فلم يقبل، وأصبحت أمّ موسى والهًا، فقالت لأخته قصِّي أثره واطلبيه هل تسمعين له ذِكرًا أحيّ ابني أم قد أكلته الدواب، ونسيت ما كان اللّه وعدها فيه ﴿فَبَصُرَتْ بِهِ﴾ أخته ﴿عَنْ جُنُبٍ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾ [القصص: ١١] والجنب: أن يسمو بصر الإنسان إلى شيء بعيدٍ وهو إلى جنبه لا يشعر به، فقالت من الفرح حين أعياهم الظؤرات: أنا ﴿أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ يَكْفُلُونَهُ لَكُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ نَاصِحُونَ﴾ [القصص: ١٢] فقالوا ما يدريك ما نصحهم هل يعرفونه؟ حتى شَكّوا في ذلك، وذلك من الفتون يا ابن جبير. فقالت: نصحهم له، وشفقتهم عليه، ورغبتهم في صهر الملك، ورجاء منفعة الملك، فأرسلوها، فانطلقت إلى أمها فأخبرتها الخبر، فجاءت أمّه فلما وضعته في حجرها نزا (٣) إلى ثديها فمصة (٤) حتى امتلأ جنباه ريًا.
(١) تقدم الحديث. (٢) في ب: كل امرأة لها ولد لأن تختار له ظئرًا، وفي ط: "إلى كل امرأة لها لأف" ولا معنى لها. والظئر: المرضعة لغير ولدها. (٣) نزا: وثب. (٤) وفي ب: يمُصّنّه.

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