in abundance.
Al-Muʿtaṣim then split his forces into three divisions: the right wing under al-Afshin, the left under Ashinas, while he himself commanded the centre; between each of the three corps he left a distance of two farsakhs. He further instructed al-Afshin and Ashinas to arrange their own commands each into a right and a left wing, a centre, a vanguard, and a rearguard, and to burn, devastate, capture, and seize booty from every village they passed. Thus arrayed, he marched them toward Amorium, which lay seven stages from Ancyra.
The first to reach the city was Ashinas, commander of the left wing, who arrived in mid-morning on Thursday, the fifth of Ramadan of that year. He rode once round its walls, then encamped two miles away. The next morning, Friday, al-Muʿtaṣim arrived, circled the city, and pitched his camp nearby. On Saturday al-Afshin came up, rode round the walls, and likewise encamped close at hand.
The inhabitants had barricaded themselves within, filling the towers with men and weapons. The city was exceedingly large, girded by a formidable wall and by lofty, massive bastions.
Al-Muʿtaṣim apportioned those bastions among the commanders, each taking station opposite the sector assigned to him. The Caliph himself encamped opposite a spot pointed out by a Muslim captive inside the city who had adopted Christianity and married among them. When the man beheld the Commander of the Faithful and the Muslims with him, he returned to Islam, came out to the Caliph, professed his faith, and told him of a section of the wall that a flood had once torn down and that had afterwards been rebuilt unsoundly, without proper foundations. Al-Muʿtaṣim therefore set up the mangonels round Amorium, and the very first part of the wall to collapse (1) was the place indicated by that former prisoner. The townspeople hastened to block the breach with great, tightly-fitted timbers, but the engine battered them to pieces; they then piled camel-pack pads (2) on top to blunt the force of the stones.
Still the mangonel pounded, their expedients availed them nothing, and the wall on that side crumbled and fell apart. The city’s deputy governor (3) at once wrote to the Byzantine emperor to inform him of the situation and dispatched the letter with two young men of their own people. As they passed through the Muslim camp, the soldiers found their behaviour suspicious (4) and asked, “Who are you?” “Followers of so-and-so,” they replied, naming a Muslim. They were brought before al-Muʿtaṣim, who examined them and discovered in their possession a letter from Yāṭis, the deputy of Amorium, to the emperor, describing the hardships of the siege and declaring his intention to sally forth suddenly from the city gates with his men and engage the Muslims, whatever the outcome might be (5).
When al-Muʿtaṣim had read the letter, he ordered that the two youths be robed in honour and that each be given a budrah—a sealed purse containing one thousand silver dirhams (6),