• Muʿammar al-Raqqī.

[Then the year 192 AH began.]

In that year Harthamah ibn Aʿyan entered Khurasan as its governor. He arrested ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā, confiscated his property and treasures, sat him on a camel facing its tail, and paraded him throughout Khurasan while announcing his disgrace. He informed al-Rashid of what he had done, and the caliph commended him. Afterwards he sent ʿAlī on to al-Rashid, who confined him in his residence in Baghdad.

In the same year al-Rashid appointed Thābit ibn Naṣr ibn Mālik to oversee the frontier districts (al-thughūr). Thābit entered Byzantine territory and captured the fortress of Matmūr⦗1⦘.

During that year it was also Thābit ibn Naṣr who concluded a peace between the Muslims and the Byzantines.

That year the Khurramiyyah rebels rose up in the Jabal region and in Azerbaijan. Al-Rashid therefore dispatched ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mālik ibn al-Haytham al-Khuzāʿī with ten thousand horsemen. He killed great numbers of them, captured prisoners, carried off their women and children, and brought them to Baghdad. Al-Rashid ordered the adult males executed, and the women and children sold there. The Khurramiyyah had previously been raided by Khuzaymah ibn Khāzim.

In Rabīʿ al-Awwal of that year al-Rashid sailed from al-Raqah to Baghdad, leaving his son al-Qāsim in charge of al-Raqah with Khuzaymah ibn Khāzim at his side. His intention was to proceed to Khurasan to fight Rāfiʿ ibn al-Layth, who had rebelled and seized much of the territory around Samarqand and elsewhere. Accordingly, in Shaʿbān al-Rashid set out for Khurasan, appointing his son Muḥammad al-Amīn as his deputy in Baghdad. Al-Maʾmūn asked his father’s permission to accompany him, fearing treachery from his brother al-Amīn; al-Rashid agreed, and al-Maʾmūn went with him. Along the way al-Rashid complained to one of his commanders about the coldness of his three sons, whom he had named as heirs. He showed him an ailment on his body and said:

“Each of al-Amīn, al-Maʾmūn, and al-Qāsim has an eye watching me. They count my breaths and long for the end of my days—yet that would be worse for them, if they only knew.”

The commander prayed for him; then al-Rashid ordered him back to his post, bade him farewell, and that was the last time the two met.

In that same year Tharwān al-Ḥarūrī rebelled and killed the caliphal governor in Ṭaff al-Baṣrah⦗2⦘.