Mujāhid said about the divine words, “But look at the mountain; if it remains firm in its place, then you will see Me”: the mountain is larger than you and more powerfully fashioned. When his Lord manifested Himself to the mountain, the mountain could not withstand it, lurched forward, and its front was pulverized. Moses, seeing what the mountain endured, fell senseless.
We have already cited in the Tafsīr (1) the report transmitted by Imām Aḥmad (2), al-Tirmidhī (3)—who declared it sound— Ibn Jarīr (4), and al-Ḥākim (5), through Ḥammād ibn Salama from Thābit (with the addition of Ibn Jarīr and Layth) from Anas: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) recited, “So when his Lord manifested Himself to the mountain, He leveled it,” then said, making a gesture with his finger. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his thumb on the first joint of his little finger, whereupon the mountain sank. This is Ibn Jarīr’s wording.
Al-Suddi reported from ʿIkrima, and Ibn ʿAbbās likewise, that Allah manifested—of His awesome majesty—no more than the amount equal to a little finger, and the mountain was reduced—he said—to dust, while “Moses fell unconscious,” meaning he lost consciousness. Qatādah said he died, but the first interpretation is correct, for Allah says, “When he regained consciousness,” and one can awaken only from a swoon.
He then said, “Glory be to You!”—a declaration of transcendence, magnificence, and reverence that none can behold Him in His majesty—“I repent to You,” meaning: I shall never again ask to behold You; “and I am the first of the believers,” that is, I affirm that no living thing can see You without dying and no inanimate thing without crumbling. (6)
It is authentically recorded in the two Ṣaḥīḥ collections, through ʿAmr ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmārah ibn Abī Ḥasan al-Māzinī al-Anṣārī, from his father, from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Do not rank me above the (other) prophets. On the Day of Resurrection people will be struck unconscious and I shall be the first to revive. I will find Moses holding one of the pillars of the Throne; I do not know whether he regained consciousness before me, or whether he was spared because of the shock he experienced at Mount Ṭūr.” (9) This is al-Bukhārī’s wording.
At the beginning of this ḥadīth is the story of the Jew whose face an Anṣārī struck when he said