According to their own narrative, the Children of Israel heard the speech of Allah but could not grasp its meaning until Moses explained it to them. They therefore said to him, “You convey to us what the Lord says, for we fear that we might die.” Moses then relayed to them the Ten Words, namely:
- Worship Allah alone, associating nothing with Him.
- Do not swear by Allah falsely.
- Keep the Sabbath—that is, set aside one day each week for worship; for this community the same purpose is fulfilled by Friday, with which Allah abrogated the Sabbath.
- Honor your father and mother so that your life may be prolonged in the land your Lord Allah gives you.
- Do not kill.
- Do not commit adultery.
- Do not steal.
- Do not bear false testimony against your neighbor.
- Do not set your eyes upon your neighbor’s house.
- Do not covet your neighbor’s wife, his male or female servant, his ox, his donkey, or anything that belongs to him—that is, be forbidden from envy.
Many scholars of the early generations and others have said that the substance of these Ten Words is contained in two Qur’anic verses, Allah’s statement in Sūrat al-An‘ām:
“Say, ‘Come, let me recite what your Lord has forbidden you: that you associate nothing with Him; that you show kindness to parents; that you do not kill your children out of poverty—We provide for you and for them; that you do not approach shameful deeds, whether open or secret; and that you do not kill the soul which Allah has made sacred—except with right. This He has enjoined upon you so that you may understand. And do not go near the property of the orphan, except in a way that is best, until he reaches maturity; give full measure and weight with justice—We burden no soul beyond its capacity; and when you speak, be fair, even if it concerns a close relative; and fulfill the covenant of Allah. This He has enjoined upon you so that you may take heed. And, indeed, this is My straight path, so follow it…’” [6:151-153].
After the Ten Words, they mention many other counsels and scattered rulings that were once precious, practiced for a time, then neglected by those charged with them. They altered, distorted, and re-interpreted them until they were finally cast aside—abrogated and replaced after once being a complete and binding law. To Allah belongs the command before and after; He judges as He wills and does whatever He desires. His is the creation and the command. Blessed be Allah, Lord of the worlds.
Allah the Exalted says:
“O Children of Israel, We delivered you from your enemy, We made a tryst with you on the right side of the Mount, and We sent down to you manna and quails. Eat of the good things We have provided for you, and do not transgress therein, lest My wrath descend upon you; and whomever My wrath descends upon has surely fallen. Yet I am indeed Ever-Forgiving to anyone who repents, believes, acts righteously, and then follows the guidance.” [Ṭāhā 20:80-82].
The Most High reminds the Children of Israel of His bounty and favor in rescuing them from their enemies and relieving them of hardship and distress. He promised them, together with their prophet and interlocutor, a meeting at the right side of the Mount—meaning on their side of it—so that He might send down to him momentous rulings that would benefit them in both their worldly life and their Hereafter. He also sent down to them, in their time of hardship and dire need during their journey