Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He leapt upward ten cubits; he himself was ten cubits tall, and in his hand he carried a staff ten cubits long. Thus he reached only to the giant’s ankle and killed him.

This report is attributed to Nūf al-Bikālī and was transmitted by Ibn Jarīr from Ibn ʿAbbās, yet its chain to him is questionable. Moreover, it is one of the Israelite tales—fabrications produced by the ignorant among the Children of Israel. False stories multiplied among them, and they lacked the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. Had this account been sound, the Israelites would have been excused for refusing to fight; yet Allah censured them for their withdrawal, punished them with wandering because they abandoned the struggle in His cause and disobeyed their Messenger, even though two righteous men among them urged them forward and forbade them to hold back.

It is said that these two were Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, as related by Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, ʿIkrimah, ʿAṭiyyah, al-Suddī, al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, and many others.

“Two men from among those who feared [Allah]…”—that is, they feared Allah. Some read it: “who were feared,” meaning that others held them in awe—“upon whom Allah had bestowed favor,” i.e., by granting them Islam, faith, obedience, and courage: “Enter upon them through the gate; once you enter it you will surely prevail. Put your trust in Allah, if you are truly believers.” In other words, if you rely on Allah, seek His help, and take refuge in Him, He will grant you victory over your enemy, support you against them, and give you the upper hand.

“They said, ‘Moses, we shall never enter it as long as they remain inside. Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we will stay right here.’” Their leaders thus set their minds on shirking the struggle—a grave affair and a severe weakness.

It is said that when Joshua and Caleb heard these words they tore their garments, and that Moses and Aaron fell in prostration, deeming the statement weighty, showing anger for Allah’s sake, and pitying their people for the ruinous consequence of such speech.

“Moses said, ‘My Lord, I have control only over myself and my brother; so separate us from the defiantly disobedient people.’” Ibn ʿAbbās explained: “Judge between me and them.” “[Allah] said, ‘Then the land is forbidden to them for forty years; they shall wander on the earth. Do not grieve over the defiantly disobedient people.’” Thus they were punished for their refusal by being made to wander aimlessly, traveling without direction night and day, morning and evening. It is said that none who entered the wilderness came out of it; all of them died within the forty years, leaving only their offspring—Joshua and Caleb excepted.

The Companions of Muhammad at Badr, however, did not say to him what the people of Moses had said to Moses; rather, when he consulted them about setting out

(1) The original reading is "Au'uf," a corruption; he is Nawf ibn Fadala al-Bikali, son of a woman from the tribe of Kaʿb, who died after 90 AH. In Taqrīb al-Tahdhīb, al-Ṭabarānī describes him as a “shami mastur” (a concealed Syrian), and indeed Ibn ʿAbbas rejected as false what he narrated from the People of the Book. Al-Bikali denotes affiliation with Banu Bakal, a branch of Himyar (Lubāb, 1/168). No narrator named Au'uf al-Bikali is otherwise attested. (2) Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, 1/431. (3) Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, 6/113. (4) This is the reading of Ibn ʿAbbas, Mujāhid, and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr (Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, 6/113–114; al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/123). (5) Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, 6/116.
عشرة أذرع، وطوله عشرة أذرع، وبيده عصاه وطولها عشرة أذرع، فوصل إلى كعب قدمه فقتله. يروى هذا عن نوف (١) البِكَالي، ونقله ابن جرير (٢) عن ابن عباس. وفي إسناده إليه نظر. ثم هو مع هذا كله من الإسرائيليات، وكل هذه من وضع جهال بني إسرائيل، فإن الأخبار الكذب قد كثرت عندهم ولا تمييز لهم بين صحتها وباطلها. ثمّ لو كان هذا صحيحًا لكان بنو إسرائيل معذورين في النكول عن قتالهم، وقد ذمّهم الله على نكولهم، وعاقبهم بالتيه على ترك جهادهم ومخالفتهم رسولهم، وقد أشار عليهم رجلان صالحان منهم بالإقدام، ونهياهم عن الإحجام. ويقال: إنهما يوشع بن نون وكالب بن يوقنا، قاله ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة وعطية والسُّدّي والربيع بن أنس وغير واحد (٣) . ﴿قَالَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ﴾ أي يخافون الله، وقرأ بعضهم (٤) : ﴿يُخافون﴾ أي: يهابون ﴿أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا﴾ أي: بالإسلام والإيمان والطَّاعة والشجاعة: ﴿ادْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ غَالِبُونَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ أي: إذا توكلتم على الله واستعنتم به ولجأتم إليه نصركم على عدوِّكم وأيّدكم عليهم وأظفركم بهم. ﴿قَالُوا يَامُوسَى إِنَّا لَنْ نَدْخُلَهَا أَبَدًا مَا دَامُوا فِيهَا فَاذْهَبْ أَنْتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ﴾ فصمّم ملؤهم على النكول عن الجهاد، ووقع أمرٌ عظيمٌ وَوَهَنٌ كبيرٌ. فيقال: إن يوشع وكالب لمَّا سمعا هذا الكلام شقّا ثيابهما، وإنّ موسى وهارون سَجدا إعظامًا لهذا الكلام وغضبًا لله – Exalté soit-Il – وشفقةً عليهم من وبيل هذه المقالة. ﴿قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسِي وَأَخِي فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ قال ابن عباس: اقض بيني وبينهم (٥) . ﴿قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً يَتِيهُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَا تَأْسَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ عوقبوا على نكولهم بالتيهان في الأرض، يسيرون إلى غير مقصد ليلًا ونهارًا وصباحًا ومساءً، ويقال: إنّه لم يخرج أحدٌ من التيه ممن دخله، بل ماتوا كلّهم في مدة أربعين سنة، ولم يبق إلَّا ذراريهم، سوى يوشع وكالب (رحمه الله) . لكن أصحاب محمد يوم بدر لم يقولوا له كما قال قوم موسى لموسى، بل لما استشارهم في الذهاب
(١) في الأصل "عوف"، وهو تحريف، وهو نَوْف بن فَضَالة البِكالي، ابن امرأة كعب، مات بعد سنة (٩٠ هـ). قال في تقريب التهذيب: شامي مستور، وإنما كذّب ابن عباس ما رواه عن أهل الكتاب (٢/ ٣٠٩). والبِكالي: نسبة إلى بني بكال، بطن من حمير. اللباب (١/ ١٦٨)، ولا نعرف في الرواة من اسمه عوف البكالي. (٢) تاريخ الطَّبري (١/ ٤٣١). (٣) تفسير الطبري (٦/ ١١٣). (٤) هي قراءة ابن عباس، ومجاهد وسعيد بن جبير. تفسير الطبري (٦/ ١١٣ - ١١٤) والبحر المحيط (١/ ١٢٣). (٥) تفسير الطبري (٦/ ١١٦).

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