and there was dry ground (1). The water rose on both sides like two mountains while the middle turned into firm land, for Allah had loosed upon it the south wind and the scorching wind (2). The Children of Israel crossed the sea and Pharaoh and his troops followed them; but when they reached the middle (3), Allah ordered Moses, so he struck (4) the sea with his staff and the water returned as it had been, overwhelming them.
According to the People of the Scripture, this took place at night and the sea crashed down upon them at dawn—yet this is their mistake, stemming from a misunderstanding in their translation; Allah knows best.
They say that when Allah drowned Pharaoh and his forces, Moses and the Children of Israel then chanted this hymn of glorification to the Lord, declaring: “We glorify the majestic Lord who defeated the armies and flung their horsemen into the sea, the impregnable, the Praiseworthy.” The hymn is lengthy.
They also relate that Miriam the “prophetess” (5), the sister of Aaron, took a hand-drum, and all the women followed her with tambourines and drums. Miriam intoned for them, saying: “Glory be to the All-Subduing Lord who subdued the horses and their riders, casting them into the sea.” So I found it in their book.
Perhaps this is what led Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī to claim that Mary daughter of ʿImrān—the mother of Jesus—was the sister of Aaron and Moses, citing the verse, “O sister of Aaron” (Maryam 28). We have already shown his error: such a claim is impossible, no one endorses it; indeed, everyone rejects it, even were the report sound.
The Miriam who was the daughter of ʿImrān and sister of Moses and Aaron—peace be upon them—and Mary the mother of Jesus—peace be upon him—merely shared the same name, as well as the names of father and brother.
For, as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to al-Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah when the people of Najrān asked him about the phrase “O sister of Aaron,” and he did not know what to answer until he consulted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the Prophet replied, “Do you not know that they used to name their children after their prophets?” Reported by Muslim (6).
Their calling her “prophetess” is like calling a woman from a royal household “queen” or from a princely family “princess,” even though she herself exercises none of the authority; it is a metaphorical honorific, not a literal claim that she received revelation.
Her beating the tambourine on that day—which for them is their greatest festival—indicates that playing the tambourine on feast days was legislated for those before us. It is likewise permitted for us with respect to women, as in the ḥadīth of the two young girls who were with ʿĀʾishah beating the tambourine during the days of Minā while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was reclining, turning his back to them with his face to the wall.
When Abū Bakr entered, he rebuked them, saying, “A pipe…?”