As for al-Manṣūr, he mustered an army against Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥasan, placing ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā at its head and supplying him with ten thousand picked horsemen. Among them were Muḥammad ibn Abī al-ʿAbbās, Jaʿfar ibn Ḥanẓala al-Bahrānī, and Ḥumayd ibn Qaḥṭaba.
Al-Manṣūr had earlier consulted ʿĪsā about the affair, and ʿĪsā had said, “Commander of the Faithful, summon whichever of your retainers you trust and send them to Wādī al-Qurā to block his supplies coming from Syria; he and those with him will then die of hunger, for he is in a land without money, men, mounts, or weapons. Put before you Kathīr ibn al-Ḥuṣayn al-ʿAbdī.”
When al-Manṣūr bade ʿĪsā farewell he added, “ʿĪsā, I am sending you after something dear to me as the heart between my two sides. If you seize the man, sheath your sword and proclaim safety for the people. If he vanishes, hold them responsible until they hand him over to you, for they know best his hiding places.” He also entrusted him with letters addressed secretly to the leading men of Quraysh and the Anṣār in Madinah, inviting them to return to obedience.
When ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā drew near to Madinah he dispatched the letters with a messenger. The guards of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥasan, however, captured the man, found the letters on him and handed them to Muḥammad. Muḥammad summoned a number of those addressees, punished them, beat them severely, fastened heavy shackles on them, and cast them into prison.
Muḥammad then consulted his companions: should they remain in Madinah and let ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā besiege them there, or march out with their forces to fight the Iraqis? Opinions differed, but they finally agreed to stay in Madinah, for the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—had regretted leaving it on the day of Uḥud. They next resolved to dig a trench around the city, just as the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—had done on the Day of the Confederates. Muḥammad approved the plan and dug with the people himself, following the Prophet’s example. As they worked, they uncovered a brick from the trench the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—had originally dug; they rejoiced, cried “Allāhu akbar,” and gave Muḥammad good tidings of victory.
Muḥammad was present wearing a white qabāʾ and a belt around his waist. He was well-built (1), tall, brown-complexioned, and broad-headed.
When ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā al-Aʿwaṣ (2) encamped and came close to Madinah, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh mounted the pulpit, exhorted the people to fight, and they numbered nearly one hundred thousand. Among the things he said was, “I release you from the obligation of my pledge. Whoever wishes to keep it may do so; whoever wishes to abandon it is free.” Many—indeed, most—slipped away, and only a small band remained with him. The majority of the townspeople left with their families so as not to witness the fighting; they took refuge on the surrounding escarpments and hilltops (3). Muḥammad sent Abū al-Layth to bring them back, but he could not persuade most of them, and they went on their way.
Muḥammad then said to a man, “Will you take up a sword and a spear and drive back those who have left—”