In that same year the caliphate of al-Dākhil from the Umayyad line was established in al-Andalus. This man was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muʿāwiya ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān al-Hāshimī—although I (the author) note that he was in fact no Hāshimite; he belonged to the house of Umayya and should be called an Umayyad (1).

He had reached the lands of the Maghrib, fleeing from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās. On the way, he and the companions who had escaped with him passed a group locked in combat over Yamanī versus Muḍarī tribal partisanship. He therefore sent his freedman Badr to them; Badr won their loyalty, they pledged allegiance to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and he entered al-Andalus with them. There he conquered the region, seized full control, wrested it from its governor Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḥabīb ibn Abī ʿUbayda ibn ʿUmba ibn Nāfiʿ al-Fihrī, slew him, and took up residence in Córdoba.

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ruled those lands from this year—that is, 138 AH—until 172 AH, dying that year after thirty-four years and some months on the throne. After him his son Hishām reigned for six years and some months, then died; he was succeeded by al-Ḥakam ibn Hishām, who ruled for twenty-six years and some months, then died; after him came his son ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam, who reigned for thirty-three years, then died; after him Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam ruled for twenty-six years, followed by his son al-Mundhir ibn Muḥammad, and then his brother Muḥammad ibn al-Mundhir, whose days extended well past 300 AH. That dynasty afterwards vanished, as we shall recount when we speak of the passing of those years and their people—of the ease, abundant living, and fair women they enjoyed; yet those years and their dwellers all came to an end, as though they had been keeping an appointed tryst (2), then they became like leaves that had withered, upon which the east wind and the west wind blew (3).

[The year 139 AH then began.]

During it Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī completed the rebuilding of Malatya. He subsequently led the summer expedition by the route of al-Ḥadath, penetrating deep into Byzantine territory. His two sisters, Umm ʿĪsā and Lubāba—the daughters of ʿAlī—accompanied him, for they had vowed that if the Umayyad rule were overthrown they would strive in the path of Allah—exalted is He.

That same year witnessed the prisoner exchange arranged between al-Manṣūr and the Byzantine emperor, through which a number of Muslim captives were ransomed. Thereafter no summer campaign took place during this year or until 146 AH, because al-Manṣūr was occupied with the affair of the two sons of ʿAbd Allāh ibn