and Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir as well. And Allah, exalted is He, knows best.
Then the year 131 AH began.
In Muḥarram of that year Qaḥṭabah ibn Shabīb sent his son al-Ḥasan to Qūmis to engage Naṣr ibn Sayyār, reinforcing him with additional troops. Some of those troops defected to Naṣr. Naṣr therefore broke camp, halted at Rayy for two days, then fell ill and moved on to Hamadhān. When he reached Sāwah (1) near Hamadhān he died, twelve nights having passed of Rabīʿ al-Awwal that year, at the age of eighty-five.
With Naṣr’s death Abū Muslim and his followers gained full control of Khurāsān, and their power became exceedingly strong. Qaḥṭabah marched out from Jurjān, having sent ahead Ziyād ibn Zurārah al-Qushayrī, who had begun to regret siding with Abū Muslim. Ziyād left the army, took a party with him, and travelled by way of Isfahān to join Ibn Ḍubārah. Qaḥṭabah dispatched a detachment in pursuit; they killed most of Ziyād’s men, and Qaḥṭabah himself followed. He reached Qūmis and found that his son al-Ḥasan had already taken it. Settling there for a time, he sent al-Ḥasan on to Rayy; when Qaḥṭabah followed he discovered that the city, too, had fallen. He remained there and wrote to Abū Muslim to report the victories.
Abū Muslim left Marw, encamped at Naysābūr, and his cause grew ever more formidable. After entering Rayy, Qaḥṭabah again sent al-Ḥasan forward, this time to Hamadhān. As he approached the city, Mālik ibn Adham together with contingents from Syria and Khurāsān marched out and encamped at Nahāvand. Al-Ḥasan seized Hamadhān, pursued them to Nahāvand, and his father reinforced him; he laid siege to the place until it fell.
In that same year ʿĀmir ibn Ḍubārah died. Ibn Hubayrah had written instructing him to march against Qaḥṭabah and had supplied him with troops. Ibn Ḍubārah advanced until he confronted Qaḥṭabah; he commanded one hundred and fifty thousand men—a force called “the army of armies”—whereas Qaḥṭabah had twenty thousand. When the two hosts faced each other Qaḥṭabah and his men raised their copies of the Quran, and a herald cried out, “People of Syria! We invite you to what is in this Book.” They cursed the herald and cursed Qaḥṭabah, whereupon Qaḥṭabah ordered his men to charge. There was but little fighting before Ibn Ḍubārah’s army broke and fled. Qaḥṭabah’s forces pursued, killing multitudes; they slew Ibn Ḍubārah in the camp—(2) on account of his bravery, for he had not turned to flee—and seized spoils beyond all counting or description.
(1) A town on the road between Rayy and Hamadhān.
(2) Literally: “because of his courage, for he never turned his back.”