Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir (1) relates in his biography of Sharaḥīl ibn ʿUbayda ibn Qays al-ʿUqaylī the following account: When Maslama ibn ʿAbd al-Malik tightened his siege of Constantinople, blocking every route and seizing the surrounding territories, Elyon, the Byzantine emperor, wrote to the king of the Burjan asking him for help against Maslama. He told him, “These people have no ambition except to summon others to their religion, beginning with the nearest and then those beyond. Once they are finished with me, they will come straight for you; whatever you intend to do then, do it now.” Thereupon that king—may Allah curse him—set about plotting and scheming.
He wrote to Maslama: “Elyon has written asking me to aid him against you, but I am on your side. Command me as you wish.” Maslama replied, “I want neither men nor equipment from you; only send us provisions, for our supplies have grown scarce.” The king answered, “I have dispatched to you a large market at such-and-such a place. Send men to receive it and purchase what they need.” Maslama gave leave to anyone in the army who wished to go and buy necessities. A great many went and found a huge bazaar stocked with all kinds of goods, wares, and foodstuffs. They busied themselves with buying, unaware that the villain had placed ambushes among the nearby mountains. Suddenly the troops burst forth, killing a large number of Muslims and capturing others; only a few made it back to Maslama. We belong to Allah and to Him we return.
Maslama wrote to his brother Sulayman reporting what had happened. Sulayman sent a substantial force led by this same Sharaḥīl ibn ʿUbayda, instructing them first to cross the Bosporus, fight the king of the Burjan, and then return to Maslama. They entered the Burjan lands, crossed those straits, and fought a fierce battle. By Allah’s permission the Muslims routed them, inflicted heavy casualties, took abundant booty and many prisoners, and freed the Muslim captives. They then rejoined Maslama and remained with him until ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz recalled them all, fearing what the Byzantines and their territory might do and because of the hardship of provisions. They had already stayed there a long time—may Allah reward them.
The Caliphate of ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the “Scarred One” of the Banū Marwān (2)
(may Allah be pleased with him and honor him)
As mentioned above, he was given the oath of allegiance as caliph on Friday, ten days into—some say ten days remaining of—Ṣafar of this year, meaning 99 AH, the day Sulayman ibn ʿAbd al-Malik died, in accordance with Sulayman’s testament to him and without ʿUmar’s prior knowledge, as we have stated. From the very first moment signs of god-fearing piety, devotion, austerity, integrity, and purity were evident in him: he refused to ride the mounts of the caliphate—those fine thoroughbred horses prepared for that purpose—contenting himself with the animal he had always ridden, and he chose to live in his own house rather than the caliphal residence.