ʿAbd al-Malik once said to a man of Quraysh, “You would be an excellent man were it not that you speak ungrammatically.” The man retorted, “Yet this son of yours, al-Walīd, makes such mistakes.” He replied, “But my son Sulaymān does not.” The man said, “And my brother, Abū So-and-so, does not either (1).
Ibn Jarīr (2) relates: ʿUmar narrated to me, and ʿAlī—meaning Ibn Muḥammad al-Madaʾinī—narrated to us: In the eyes of the people of Syria, al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik was the best of their caliphs. He built the mosques in Damascus (3), erected the minarets, gave liberal grants to the populace, and provided allowances for the lepers, telling them, “Do not beg from people.” He assigned a servant to every paralytic and a guide to every blind person (4). During his caliphate great and numerous conquests were achieved. He would send his sons on every campaign to the lands (5) of the Byzantines; India, Sind, al-Andalus, and the provinces of Persia were conquered, and his armies even reached China and beyond.
He added: In spite of all this, he would walk past a greengrocer, pick up a bundle of vegetables and ask, “For how much will you sell this?” The man would reply, “For one fals.” He would answer, “Raise the price; you will still make a profit.”
They also mentioned that he honoured the bearers of the Qur’an, treated them generously, and paid off their debts. They said: Al-Walīd’s passion was building—and so the people were likewise; when one man met another he would ask, “What have you built? What have you put up?” His brother Sulaymān’s concern was women, and the people followed suit; a man would meet another and ask, “How many wives have you taken? How many concubines do you own?” As for ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, his devotion was to reciting the Qur’an, prayer, and worship, and the people were the same; a man would meet another and ask, “What is your daily portion? How much do you recite each day? What voluntary prayers did you perform last night (6)?”
I say: Al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik built the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus in the manner we have described—there was nothing like it in the world for beauty and form. He erected the Dome over the Rock in Jerusalem (7). He also rebuilt and enlarged the Prophet’s Mosque (Allah bless him and grant him peace), extending it until the blessed chamber that houses the grave was encompassed within it. He left many other exceedingly fine monuments. He died on Saturday, halfway through Jumada al-Akhira of this year—that is, the year 96 AH.