gems, rubies, gold, silver, vessels of gold and silver, furnishings, horses, mules, and countless other valuables; he likewise subdued many large provinces and cities.

Among the Byzantine fortresses taken by Maslama and his nephew ʿUmar ibn al-Walid was the fortress of Sūsana, and they pressed on until they reached the inlet of Constantinople.

That same year Qutaybah ibn Muslim captured Shumān, Kish, and Nasaf. The people of Faryāb refused to submit, so he put the town to the torch. He then dispatched his brother ʿAbd al-Raḥmān to Ṣughd to meet Tarkhun Khan, the ruler of those lands. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān concluded a treaty with him, and Tarkhun Khan presented him with great wealth. He rejoined his brother in Bukhara, and together they returned (1) to Marw.

When Tarkhun had made peace with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and the latter had departed, the people of Ṣughd assembled and said to Tarkhun, “You have accepted humiliation and paid the jizya, and you are an old man; we have no need of you.” They deposed him and set Ghurak Khan (2)—Tarkhun Khan’s brother—over them. They then rebelled and broke the pact, and what transpired will be related later (3).

In that same year Qutaybah campaigned in Sijistān intending to confront Rutbīl, the great king of the Turks. When he reached the outskirts of Rutbīl’s domain, emissaries came to him seeking peace for an enormous tribute—horses, slaves, and women of royal lineage—to be delivered to him (4), so Qutaybah accepted the truce.

The pilgrimage that year was led by ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the deputy governor of Madinah.

Among the notable deaths that year was Mālik ibn Aws ibn al-Ḥadathān al-Baṣrī (5), Abū Saʿīd al-Madanī. Scholars differ over whether he was a Companion. Some said (6) that he used to ride horses in the pre-Islamic era and that he saw Abū Bakr.