Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. [ʿUmar had donned his father’s noble qualities and even excelled him in many ways. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz had other sons besides ʿUmar—ʿĀṣim, Abū Bakr, Muḥammad, and al-Aṣbagh, who died shortly before him, causing him great sorrow; he fell ill after that and passed away (1). He also had a number of daughters—Umm Muḥammad, Suhayl, Umm ʿUthmān, Umm al-Ḥakam, and Umm al-Banīn—born of different mothers, and there were still more children in addition to these.

He died in the city he had built a single stage-journey from Egypt; his body was carried to Egypt by way of the Nile and buried there. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz left behind wealth, furnishings, and livestock—horses, mules, camels, and the like—in quantities beyond description; among this were three hundred mudds of gold, not counting the silver. Yet despite such abundance he was open-handed, magnanimous, and lavish in his gifts, for he was among the most generous of people—may Allah have mercy on him (2).]

Ibn Jarīr (3) relates that ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān wrote to his brother ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, who was in Egypt, asking him to surrender the right of succession that had been pledged to him, in favour of ʿAbd al-Malik’s son al-Walīd—or at least to make al-Walīd crown prince—“for he is the dearest of all people to me.” ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz replied, “I see in Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz what you see in al-Walīd.” ʿAbd al-Malik then wrote again, ordering him to remit the land-tax of Egypt—[for ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz had never sent him any share of the kharāj or anything else; rather, the whole of Egypt, together with the Maghrib and other regions, was his to administer, along with all their spoils, revenues, and remittances] (4).

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz wrote back: “You and I, O Commander of the Faithful, have reached an age that no one in your household attains without his remaining time being short (5). I do not know, nor do you, which of us death will overtake first. If you see fit not to reproach me for the rest of my life, then do so (6).” ʿAbd al-Malik’s heart softened toward him and he wrote: “By my life, I shall not reproach you for the rest of your days (7).”

ʿAbd al-Malik then said to his son al-Walīd, “If Allah wills to bestow it upon you, no human being will be able to withhold it from you.” He next said to his two sons al-Walīd and Sulaymān, “Have either of you ever committed anything forbidden or unlawful?” They answered, “By Allah, no.” He said, “Allahu akbar! By the Lord of the Kaʿbah, you will both attain it.”

It is also said that when ʿAbd al-Azīz refused to grant his brother’s request that allegiance be given to al-Walīd, ʿAbd al-Malik supplicated against him, saying, “O Allah, he has cut me off, so cut him off.” That very year, as we have mentioned, he died. When news of his brother’s death reached ʿAbd al-Malik during the night, he grieved and wept, and his household wept profusely for ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, yet he was inwardly pleased on account of his two sons, for by it they obtained what he had been hoping for.

(1) al-Dhahabi reports that he died sixteen days before his father; the latter then grieved, fell ill, and died in Halwan—the city he had founded as a staging post in Egypt—and his body was transported to Egypt by boat along the Nile. (2) The text between parentheses is an addition introduced in the printed edition. (3) al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 6, p. 414. (4) The text between parentheses is an addition introduced in the printed edition. (5) In manuscripts A and B the phrase reads “shay’an la yablughuhu” (“something he cannot reach”); the reading adopted here follows al-Tabari’s version. (6) In al-Tabari it appears as la tughthith (“do not spoil”). (7) In al-Tabari it reads la aghthith.
عمر بن عبد العزيز [وقد اكتسى عمر أخلاق أبيه وزاد عليه بأمور كثيرة. وكان لعبد العزيز من الأولاد غير عمر، عاصم وأبو بكر ومحمد والأصبغ - مات قبله بقليل فحزن عليه حزنًا كثيرًا ومرض بعده ومات (١) - وكان له عدة بنات، أم محمد وسهيل وأم عثمان وأم الحكم وأم البنين وهن من أمهات شتى، وله من الأولاد غير هؤلاء، مات بالمدينة التي بناها على مرحلة من مصر وحمل إلى مصر في النيل ودفن بها، وقد ترك عبد العزيز من الأموال والأثاث والدواب من الخيل والبغال والإبل وغير ذلك ما يعجز عنه الوصف؛ من جملة ذلك ثلاثمئة مدّ من ذهب غير الورِق، مع جوده وكرمه وبذله وعطاياه الجزيلة، فإنه كان من أعطى الناس للجزيل رحمه اللّه تعالى] (٢) . وقد ذكر ابن جرير (٣) أن عبد الملك بن مروان كتب إلى أخيه عبد العزيز وهو بالدِّيار المصرية يسأله أن ينزل عن العهد الذي له من بعده لولده الوليد أو يكون ولي العهد من بعده، فإنه أعز الخلق عليّ. فكتب إليه عبد العزيز يقول: إني أرى في أبي بكر بن عبد العزيز ما ترى في الوليد. فكتب إليه عبد الملك يأمره بحمل خراج مصر [وقد كان عبد العزيز لا يحمل إليه شيئًا من الخراج ولا غيره، وإنما كانت بلاد مصر بكمالها وبلاد المغرب وغير ذلك كلها لعبد العزيز، مغانمها وخراجها وحملها] (٤) فكتب إليه: إني وإياك يا أمير المؤمنين قد بلغنا سنًّا لا يبلغا (٥) أحد من أهل بيتك إلا كان بقاؤه قليلًا، وإني لا أدري ولا تدري أينا يأتيه الموت أولًا، فإن رأيت أن لا تعتب (٦) عليّ بقية عمري فافعل، فرقَّ له عبد الملك وكتب إليه: لعمري لا أعتب (٧) عليك بقية عمرك. وقال عبد الملك لابنه الوليد: إن يرد اللّه أن يعطيكها لا يقدر أحد من العباد على رد ذلك عنك، ثم قال لابنه الوليد وسليمان: هل قارفتما محرّمًا أو حرامًا قط؟ فقالا: لا واللّه، فقال: اللّه أكبر، نلتماهما وربِّ الكعبة. ويقال إن عبد الملك لما امتنع أخوه من إجابته إلى ما طلب منه في بيعته لولده الوليد دعا عليه وقال: اللهم إنه قطعني فاقطعه، فمات في هذه السنة كما ذكرنا، فلما جاءه الخبر بموت أخيه عبد العزيز ليلًا حزن وبكى وبكى أهله بكاءً كثيرًا على عبد العزيز، ولكن سرَّه ذلك من جهة ابنيه فإنه نال فيها ما كان يؤمِّله
(١) ذكر الذهبي أنه توفي قبل أبيه بستة عشر يومًا، فحزن عليه ومرض، ومات بحلوان، وهي المدينة التي بناها على مرحلة من مصر، وحمل إلى مصر في النيل. (٢) ما بين معكوفين زيادة من ط. (٣) تاريخ الطبري (٦/ ٤١٤). (٤) ما بين معكوفين زيادة من ط. (٥) في أ، ب: شيئًا لا يبلغه؛ وما أثبت موافق لرواية الطبري. (٦) في الطبري: لا تغثث أي لا تفسد. (٧) في الطبري: لا أغثث.

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