—a grandson of faith and righteousness,
another whom Karbalāʾ concealed from sight;
a third will never be beheld by any eye
until the chargers return, a banner at their head.
He is absent, unseen for an age, upon Radwā, where honey and water are supplied to him. (1)
When Ibn al-Zubayr moved against Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah, the latter wrote to his supporters in Kūfah, sending the letter with Abū al-Ṭufayl and Wāthilah ibn al-Asqaʿ. (2) At that time the city was under the authority of al-Mukhtār ibn Abī ʿUbayd. Ibn al-Zubayr had piled great stacks of firewood at their doors, intending to burn them alive. Once al-Mukhtār received Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah’s letter—he used to rally the people to Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah and called him “the Mahdī”—he dispatched Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Jadalī with four thousand men; they rescued the Banū Hāshim from Ibn al-Zubayr’s grasp. ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās left with them and died in al-Ṭāʾif, while Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah remained among his partisans.
Ibn al-Zubayr then ordered him to depart, so he and roughly seven thousand followers set out for the Syrian lands. When he reached Aylah (3), ʿAbd al-Malik wrote to him: “Either pledge allegiance to me or leave my territory.” Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah replied: “I will pledge on condition that you guarantee the safety of my companions.” “Agreed,” ʿAbd al-Malik answered.
Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah thereupon rose before his men, praised Allah and extolled Him, and said: “Praise be to Allah, who has spared your blood and safeguarded your religion. Whoever wishes to return home unharmed and secure may do so.” The people dispersed to their lands until only about seven hundred (4) remained with him. He then entered iḥrām for an ʿumrah, garlanded the sacrificial animals, and made for Mecca. When he sought to enter the Sacred Sanctuary, Ibn al-Zubayr dispatched cavalry that barred his way.
He sent word: “We have not come for war or combat. Allow us to enter, perform our rites, and then depart.” Ibn al-Zubayr refused. Since Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah had with him camels already garlanded for sacrifice, he returned to Madinah and remained in iḥrām until al-Ḥajjāj arrived and killed Ibn al-Zubayr. Throughout that entire interval Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah stayed in iḥrām; when al-Ḥajjāj left for Iraq, Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah proceeded to Mecca, completed his rites after a number of years—lice falling continually from his hair and beard—and then went back to Madinah, where he stayed until his death.
It is also said that after killing Ibn al-Zubayr, al-Ḥajjāj sent to Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah: “The enemy of Allah is dead; pledge your allegiance.” He replied, “I shall do so when all the people have pledged.” Al-Ḥajjāj retorted, “By Allah, I will kill you!” Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah answered, “Allah has three hundred and sixty glances every day into the Preserved Tablet; with each glance He decrees three hundred and sixty matters. Perhaps Allah, Exalted is He, will place me in one of those decrees and spare me from you.”
Al-Ḥajjāj wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik about this, and the caliph was pleased, writing back: “We know that Muḥammad harbors no rebellion; treat him gently, for he will come and pledge.” ʿAbd al-Malik also quoted Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah’s words—“Allah has three hundred and sixty glances…”—in a letter to the Byzantine emperor, who had threatened him with hosts no one could withstand. When the emperor read the statement he said, “These words are not from ʿAbd al-Malik; they have clearly come