It is said that when the Kharijites and the government forces met in this encounter, it was on a Wednesday with twenty days of Ramadan still remaining. They fought with a ferocity never before shown by the Kharijites. The rebels charged the army of al-Muhallab ibn Abī Ṣufrah and drove it back into its camp, whereupon ʿAbd al-Raḥmān kept reinforcing him with wave after wave of cavalry and infantry. After the afternoon prayer the Kharijites wheeled toward the camp of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mukhnif and battled him until nightfall; in the middle of the night ʿAbd al-Raḥmān was killed, and with him a large number of the companions who had stood their ground.
At dawn al-Muhallab arrived, performed the funeral prayer over him, buried him, and wrote to al-Ḥajjāj reporting his death. Al-Ḥajjāj in turn wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik to condole him, and ʿAbd al-Malik announced the news to the people at Minā. Al-Ḥajjāj appointed ʿAtāb ibn Warqāʾ in his place and instructed him to obey al-Muhallab. ʿAtāb disliked the order, yet—unable to gainsay al-Ḥajjāj ⦗1⦘—he had no choice but to comply. He therefore joined al-Muhallab, outwardly submitting to him while secretly opposing him. Sharp words then passed between them, and al-Muhallab was on the point of striking ʿAtāb when the people intervened. ʿAtāb wrote to al-Ḥajjāj complaining of al-Muhallab; al-Ḥajjāj summoned him and relieved him of the post, and al-Muhallab installed his own son Ḥabīb ibn al-Muhallab in his stead ⦗2⦘.
That same year Dāwūd ibn al-Nuʿmān al-Māzinī rebelled in the environs of Basra. Al-Ḥajjāj dispatched a commander with a detachment against him, and he was slain ⦗3⦘.
Ibn Jarīr ⦗4⦘ relates: In this year Ṣāliḥ ibn Masraḥ, of the tribe of Imruʾ al-Qays, stirred to action. He espoused the doctrine of the Ṣufriyya ⦗5⦘, and it is said that he was the first of them to rebel. The occasion was that he led the people in pilgrimage that year together with Shabīb ibn Yazīd, al-Baṭīn, and others among the Kharijite chiefs; the Commander of the Faithful ʿAbd al-Malik was also performing the pilgrimage, and Shabīb resolved to assassinate him. Word of this reached ʿAbd al-Malik, so after returning from the pilgrimage he wrote to al-Ḥajjāj, ordering him to hunt them down.
Ṣāliḥ ibn Masraḥ was accustomed to frequent Kufa and reside there. He had a group of adherents who sought his protection and followed his lead, men from Dārā and the land of Mosul. He taught them the Quran and delivered exhortations; he was a devout Ṣufrī, abundant in worship. Whenever he preached he praised and thanked Allah and invoked blessings upon His Messenger, then urged detachment from the world and longing for the Hereafter, reminded them of death, prayed for mercy upon the two Shaykhs, Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, and commended them in fine terms. Afterwards, however, when he mentioned ʿUthmān (may Allah be pleased with him) he would curse and revile him, reproaching him for the very matters that those who rose against him from among the rebels of the provinces had alleged. He would then incite his followers to join the Kharijites in enjoining right and forbidding wrong, condemning the evils that had become widespread among the people, making light of being killed in pursuit of that cause, and disparaging worldly life