He, exalted be He, also says:
“Never did We send a warner to any township without its affluent people saying, ‘We reject what you have been sent with.’”
(Q 34:34)

And He says:
“Except the people of Jonah: when they believed, We removed from them the punishment of disgrace in the life of this world and allowed them enjoyment for a while.”
(Q 10:98)
—that is, they believed, every last one of them.

The exegetes have differed as to whether that faith will benefit them in the Hereafter, saving them from the punishment of the next life just as it saved them from the punishment of this life. There are two opinions. From the flow of the verses, the stronger view—Allah knows best—is that it will. Allah, exalted is He, says, “when they believed,” and He also says:
“We sent him to a hundred thousand—or more—
so they believed, and We allowed them enjoyment for a while.”
(Q 37:147–148)
Granting them enjoyment for a time does not rule out His also removing from them the punishment of the Hereafter; Allah knows best.

They were certainly one hundred thousand, but there is disagreement about the additional number. According to Makḥūl (1) it was ten thousand more.

Al-Tirmidhī, Ibn Jarīr, and Ibn Abī Ḥātim transmit—through Zuhayr, from someone who heard Abū’l-ʿĀliyah—on the authority of Ubayy ibn Kaʿb that he asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the verse “We sent him to a hundred thousand—or more” (Q 37:147). He replied, “They were twenty thousand more.” (2) Were it not for the unidentified narrator in the chain, this ḥadīth would conclusively settle the matter.

Ibn ʿAbbās said they were one hundred and thirty thousand; he also said a few-and-thirty thousand; and he likewise said a few-and-forty thousand. Saʿīd ibn Jubayr said they were one hundred and seventy thousand. (3)

They also differed as to whether Jonah was sent to them before the incident of the fish or after it, or whether these were two separate communities—three positions laid out at length in the tafsīr. (4)

The point is that when Jonah, peace be upon him, left in anger on account of his people, he boarded a ship at sea. The sea surged (5), tossed, and heaved beneath them; the vessel grew heavy with its load and, as the exegetes relate, they were on the verge of drowning.

They therefore consulted one another and agreed to draw lots: whoever’s name came up would be cast overboard so the ship might be lightened (6). When they drew lots (7), the lot fell upon the Prophet of Allah, Jonah. They were reluctant to throw him over, so they drew again, and once more it fell upon him. He then rolled up his sleeves (8) to remove his garments and throw himself into the sea, but they refused to let him do so.