Events of the year 71 AH
During this year Muṣʿab ibn al-Zubayr was killed. The cause was that ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān set out from Syria at the head of a massive army, intent on reaching Muṣʿab. The two finally met in this same year. Previously each of them had mounted to confront the other, only for winter—its cold and mud—to intervene, so each returned to his own land. But this year ʿAbd al-Malik advanced in earnest, sending forward vanguard detachments. Some of those detachments slipped into Basra and, in secret, invited its people to pledge allegiance to ʿAbd al-Malik; a number of them accepted.
Muṣʿab had earlier gone to the Ḥijāz, but on hearing the news he returned and entered Basra (1). There he rebuked the leading men, reviled them, and blamed them for letting the envoys in and tolerating their activities; he even demolished some of their houses. He then moved on to Kūfa. When he learned that ʿAbd al-Malik was marching against him with the Syrian troops, he set out to meet him. ʿAbd al-Malik reached Maskin and wrote to the Marwānids who had already replied to his envoys; they answered him and stipulated that he appoint them over Isfahān, and he agreed—they were a large company of commanders. ʿAbd al-Malik placed his brother Muḥammad ibn Marwān in charge of the vanguard, ʿAbd Allah ibn Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah on the right wing, and Khālid ibn Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah on the left.
Muṣʿab advanced while the Iraqis were divided and had deserted him. He surveyed those still with him and realized they could not stand against his enemy, so he resolved on a fight to the death and steeled himself for it. He said, “Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī is my example: he refused to surrender and suffer humiliation at the hands of ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyād.” Then, to console himself, he recited (2):
Those Hashimites who fell at Ṭaff
set the pattern, teaching the noble how to emulate.
Some of ʿAbd al-Malik’s commanders had suggested he send an army against Muṣʿab while he himself stayed in Syria, but he refused, saying,
“Should I dispatch a man of courage, he may lack judgment; and if I send a man of judgment, he may lack courage. Within myself I find both insight into war and bravery. Muṣʿab too comes from a house of valor—his father was the bravest man of Quraysh, [and you know his brother’s courage]. He is brave, but those with him oppose him, know nothing of warfare, and love ease and comfort (3), whereas those with me advise me sincerely and agree with what I intend.”
So he led the army in person. When the two forces drew near, ʿAbd al-Malik wrote to Muṣʿab’s commanders, inviting them to join him and promising them governorships. Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashʿath came to Muṣʿab and handed him a sealed letter (4), saying, “This has come to me from ʿAbd al-Malik.” Muṣʿab opened it and found that it called on him to come to ʿAbd al-Malik in return for the governorship of Iraq. He said to Muṣʿab, “O…"