Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

It became well known among many of the early and later scholars that the town in question was “Antioch.” Ibn Isḥāq (1) transmitted this—as it had reached him—from Ibn ʿAbbās, Kaʿb al-Aḥbār, and Wahb ibn Munabbih; the same is reported from Buraydah ibn al-Ḥuṣayb, ʿIkrimah, Qatādah, al-Zuhri, and others.

Ibn Isḥāq further related, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, Kaʿb, and Wahb, that they said: The city had a king named “Antīkhis” (2) son of Antīkhis, who worshipped idols. Allah therefore sent to him three messengers—Ṣādiq, Ṣadūq, and Shalūm—but he rejected them.

This plainly shows that they were messengers sent by Allah. Qatādah (3), however, claimed that they had been envoys of the Messiah.

Likewise, Ibn Jarīr (4) reported—from Wahb, from Ibn Sulaymān, from Shuʿayb al-Jubbāʾī—that the first two messengers were named Shimʿawn and Yūḥannā, and the third was Bawluṣ, and that the town was Antioch.

This view is extremely weak. When the Messiah later sent three of his disciples to Antioch, that city was actually the first to believe in him at that time. For that reason Antioch became one of the four metropolitan sees of Christendom—Antioch, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Rome—followed afterward by Constantinople. Its inhabitants were not destroyed, whereas the people of the town mentioned in the Qur’an were annihilated, as stated at the end of their story after they killed the friend of the messengers: “It was but one mighty blast, and there they were—lifeless” (Yā Sīn 36:29).

However, if the three messengers named in the Qur’an had been sent to the people of Antioch in ancient times, and they denied them so that Allah destroyed them, after which the city was rebuilt—so that in the time of the Messiah its inhabitants believed in his disciples—there is no contradiction. Allah knows best.

As for the claim that the episode recorded in the Qur’an is the story of Christ’s disciples, it is weak for the reasons already mentioned, and because the apparent sense of the Qur’anic narrative indicates that these messengers were sent by Allah.

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “And set forth for them the example”—that is, for your people, O Muḥammad—“of the people of the town, when the messengers came to it: (13) when We sent to them two and they rejected both of them, so We reinforced them with a third.” In other words, We strengthened the first two with a third messenger. “They said, ‘Indeed, we have been sent to you.’ ” The people responded that the messengers were only human beings like themselves, just as previous disbelieving nations had done, deeming it unlikely that Allah would send a human prophet. The messengers replied, “Our Lord knows that we have indeed been sent to you, (16) and our duty is only to deliver the clear message.” That is: our responsibility is merely to convey what we have been sent with; it is Allah who guides whom He wills and leads astray whom He wills.

“They said, ‘We see an evil omen in you,’ ” meaning: we regard the message you bring as a bad sign. “If you do not desist, we will surely stone you,” and it was said

(1) It is narrated by Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir (vol. 10, p. 431) and in his History (vol. 2, p. 18). (2) In al-Tabari’s Tafsir: Ubtiḥs ibn Ubtiḥs; and in his History (vol. 2, p. 18), as in our Uṣūl. (3) It is narrated by Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir (vol. 10, p. 431). (4) I did not find it in Ibn Jarir’s History or Tafsir; rather, it is from Ibn Abi Hatim, as recorded in al-Durr al-Manthūr (vol. 7, p. 50).
اشتُهر عن كثير من السلف والخلف؛ أنَّ هذه القرية "أنطاكية" رواه ابن إسحاق (١) ، فيما بلغَه عن ابن عبَّاس، وكعب الأحبار، وَوَهْبِ بن مُنَبِّه، وكذا رُوي عن بُريدة بن الحصيب، وعكرمة، وقتادة، والزُّهْري وغيرهم، قال ابن إسحاق، فيما بلغه عن ابن عبَّاس وكعب ووهْب أنهم قالوا: وكان لها مَلِكٌ اسمُه "أنطيخس" (٢) بن أنطيخس، وكان يعبدُ الأصنامَ، فبعثَ الله إليه ثلاثًا من الرسل، وهم: صادق، وصدوق، وشلوم، فكذَّبهم. وهذا ظاهرٌ أنهم رسلٌ من الله – Exalté soit-Il – ، وزعمَ قتادة (٣) أنهم كانوا رسلًا من المسيح. وكذا قال ابن جرير (٤) : عن وهب، عن ابن سليمان، عن شعيب الجُبَّائي: كان اسم المرسلين الأوَّليين: شمعون، ويوحنا، واسم الثالث بولص، والقرية أنطاكية. وهذا القول ضعيفٌ جدًا؛ لأن أهل "أنطاكية" لما بعثَ إليهم المسيحُ ثلاثةً من الحواريينَ كانوا أوَّلَ مدينة آمنت بالمسيح في ذلك الوقت، ولهذا كانت إحدى المدن الأربع التي تكون فيها بتاركةُ النَّصارى وهن: أنطاكية، والقدس، وإسكندرية، ورومية. ثم بعدها إلى القسطنطينية، ولم يهلكوا، وأهل هذه القرية المذكورة في القرآن أُهلكوا كما قال في آخر قصتها بعد قتلهم صديق المرسلين ﴿إِنْ كَانَتْ إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ﴾ [يس: ٢٩] لكنْ إن كانت الرسلُ الثلاثة المذكورون في القرآن بُعثوا إلى أهل أنطاكية قديمًا فكذَّبوهم وأهلكهم الله، ثم عمُرتْ بعد ذلك؛ فلما كان في زمن المسيح آمنوا برسله إليهم، فلا يمنع هذا، والله أعلم. فأما القولُ بأن هذه القصَّة المذكورة في القرآن هي قصَّةُ أصحاب المسيح، فضعيف لما تقدَّم، ولأن ظاهر سياق القرآن يقتضي أن هؤلاء الرسل من عند الله. قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا﴾ يعني لقومك يا محمد ﴿أَصْحَابَ الْقَرْيَةِ﴾ ويعني المدينة ﴿إِذْ جَاءَهَا الْمُرْسَلُونَ (١٣) إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ اثْنَيْنِ فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَعَزَّزْنَا بِثَالِثٍ﴾ أي: أيدناهما بثالث في الرسالة ﴿فَقَالُوا إِنَّا إِلَيْكُمْ مُرْسَلُونَ﴾ فردّوا عليهم بأنَّهم بشرٌ مثلُهم كما قالت الأمم الكافرة لرسلهم يستبعدونَ أنْ يبعثَ الله نبيًّا بشريًّا، فأجابوهم بأن الله يعلمُ أنَّا رسلُه إليكم، ولو كنَّا كذَّبنا عليه لعاقبَنا وانتقم منَّا أشدَّ الانتقام ﴿وَمَا عَلَيْنَا إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ﴾ أي: إنما علينا أن نُبلِّغكم ما أرسلنا به إليكم، والله هو الذي يَهدي منْ يشاءُ ويُضلُّ منْ يشاء ﴿قَالُوا إِنَّا تَطَيَّرْنَا بِكُمْ﴾ أي: تشاءمنا بما جئتمونا به ﴿لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهُوا لَنَرْجُمَنَّكُمْ﴾ قيل:
(١) أخرجه ابن جرير في التفسير (١٠/ ٤٣١) والتاريخ (٢/ ١٨). (٢) في تفسير الطبري: أبطيحس بن أبطيحس، وفي التاريخ (٢/ ١٨) كما في أصولنا. (٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في التفسير (١٠/ ٤٣١). (٤) لم أجده في التاريخ والتفسير؛ لابن جرير، وإنما هو لابن أبي حاتم كما في الدر المنثور (٧/ ٥٠).

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies