al-Ḥasan, who related that ʿĀʾidh ibn ʿAmr came in to ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyād and said, “My boy, I heard the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—say:
‘The worst shepherds are the ruthless; so beware lest you be one of them.’ ”
Ibn Ziyād retorted, “Sit down; you are nothing but the dregs of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him.” ʿĀʾidh replied, “Could there be any dregs among them? The dregs appeared only after them and among others.”
Several transmitters also report from al-Ḥasan that ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyād visited Maʿqil ibn Yasār when the latter was ill and said to him, “I will relate to you a hadith I heard from the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him:
‘No man to whom Allah entrusts a flock dies on the day he dies while he has been treacherous toward them, except that Allah makes Paradise forbidden to him.’ ” (1)
More than one authority records that when Maʿqil died, ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyād led the funeral prayer but did not attend the burial, excusing himself with a pretext that availed nothing, and then rode back to his palace. His brazenness is further shown by his insistence on bringing al-Ḥusayn before him—even if that meant killing him—whereas he should have granted the request al-Ḥusayn made: to go to Yazīd, to Mecca, or to one of the frontier posts. When Shimr ibn Dhī’l-Jawshan advised him that prudence dictated summoning al-Ḥusayn first and then sending him wherever he wished among those options or others, he accepted Shimr’s advice and dispatched that order, and al-Ḥusayn was killed, as we have already described. (2)
Muhammad ibn Saʿd (3) said: Al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn and Mālik ibn Ismāʿīl told us, saying: ʿAbd al-Salām ibn Ḥarb narrated to us from ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Kurdūs, from the chamberlain of ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyād, who said, “I entered the palace with him when al-Ḥusayn had been killed; a fire seemed to flare in his face—or something to that effect—so he drew his sleeve across his face like this and said, ‘Do not tell anyone about this.’ ”
Shurayk narrated—from Mughīrah—that Marjānah said to her son ʿUbayd Allah, “You wretch! You killed the grandson of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him? You shall never see Paradise.”
We have already mentioned that when Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah died, the people of the two garrison cities pledged allegiance to ʿUbayd Allah until the community could agree on a leader. They soon rebelled, expelled him from among them, and he made for Syria, where he met Marwān and urged him to seek the bayʿah (4) for himself. Marwān did so, opposing al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Qays. ʿUbayd Allah then pressed al-Ḍaḥḥāk until he drove him from Damascus to Marj Rāhiṭ. He further persuaded him to claim the bayʿah for himself and to depose Ibn al-Zubayr, and he did so; his forces then unraveled and the disaster of Marj Rāhiṭ ensued, in which al-Ḍaḥḥāk and many of his followers were killed. When Marwān took power he dispatched Ibn Ziyād at the head of an army to Iraq. At ʿAyn al-Warda he met Sulaymān ibn Ṣurad and the army with him—those known as the Army of the Penitents—killed their commander and a great many of them, and then marched on toward Kūfah (5)