—Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, the father of the Imams. From his line Allah has spread descendants as countless as grains of sand or pebbles, among whom are many masters and nobles; whereas Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah left nearly twenty children, yet today—not one of his progeny walks the earth, and Allah knows best. 1
Al-Mukhtār then sent both heads to Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah and wrote to him:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
To the Mahdī 2 Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī, from al-Mukhtār ibn Abī ʿUbayd.
Peace be upon you, O Mahdī. I praise to you Allah, there is no deity but He. To proceed: Allah has raised me as a scourge against your enemies; they are now slain, captured, routed, and scattered. Praise be to Allah who has killed your killers and supported your allies. I have sent you the head of ʿUmar ibn Saʿd and that of his son. We have put to death, among those who shared in the blood of Ḥusayn and his household, everyone we could reach; as for the rest, Allah will never let them escape. I shall not desist 3 from them until I hear that not a single aramī 4 of them treads the face of the earth. So write to me, O Mahdī, with your counsel that I may follow and uphold it. Peace be upon you, O Mahdī, and the mercy and blessings of Allah.
Ibn Jarīr does not mention that Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah sent any reply, even though he has examined this episode at length. From the tenor of his words one senses how deeply attached he was to it, which is why he expanded on it with the reports of Abū Mikhnaf Lūṭ ibn Yaḥyā—whose narrations are suspect, especially in matters of Shiʿism. The Shiʿah are indeed passionate about this incident, for it involves avenging Ḥusayn and his family upon their killers. Without doubt, killing those murderers was obligatory and hastening to it was a gain; yet Allah decreed that it be carried out at the hands of al-Mukhtār the impostor, who by claiming that revelation came to him became a disbeliever. Still, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Allah indeed supports this religion through a wicked man.” 5
The Exalted also said in His Book, the finest writing ever penned:
“And thus do We set some of the wrongdoers over others because of what they used to earn.” (al-Anʿām 6:129)
A poet has said:
No hand exists but that above it is Allah’s hand,
And no oppressor but that he will be afflicted by another oppressor.
In al-Mukhtār’s biography we shall cite proofs of his mendacity and fabrication, and of his claim to champion the People of the House while in reality he merely used that banner to rally around himself the riff-raff of the Kūfan Shiʿah, so that he might establish a state for them and, with their aid, sweep aside his opponents.
Then Allah, exalted be He, raised against him one who took vengeance upon him. This is the man concerning whom the Prophet, in the ḥadīth of Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr, said: “In Thaqīf there will arise a liar and a ruthless destroyer.” 6 This, then, is the liar; he paraded Shiʿism, whereas