One of the early righteous said (1): “While I was on a mountain in Syria I heard a caller proclaim: ‘Whoever hates al-Ṣiddīq (Abu Bakr) is a heretic; whoever hates ʿUmar will be herded to Hell in throngs; whoever hates ʿUthmān—the All-Merciful will be his adversary; whoever hates ʿAlī—the Prophet will be his adversary; and whoever hates Muʿāwiyah, the wardens of Hell will drag him to the scorching Fire and hurl him into the abyss.’
Another of them said (2): “I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in a dream, and with him were Abu Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, and Muʿāwiyah. A man then came, and ʿUmar said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! This man is disparaging us.’ The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, seemed to rebuke him. The man said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! I am not finding fault with these men, but rather with this one’—meaning Muʿāwiyah. He answered, ‘Woe to you! Is he not one of my Companions?’ He repeated it three times, then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, took a spear, handed it to Muʿāwiyah and said, ‘Plant it in the hollow of his throat (3).’ Muʿāwiyah struck him with it. I awoke, hurried home, and found that the man had been seized by strangulation during the night and had died; he was Rāshid al-Kindī.
Ibn ʿAsākir reports from al-Fuḍayl ibn ʿIyāḍ that he used to say: “Muʿāwiyah is one of the Companions, a foremost scholar, yet he was tried with love of the world.”
Al-ʿUtbī said: It was said to Muʿāwiyah, “Gray hair has overtaken you quickly!” He replied, “How could it not, when I am constantly faced by some Arab standing over my head prompting me with words that I must answer? If I reply correctly I am not praised, but if I err, the report is broadcast far and wide.”
Al-Shaʿbī and others stated that toward the end of his life Muʿāwiyah suffered facial paralysis.
Ibn ʿAsākir narrates in the biography of Hudayj (4) the eunuch, a freedman of Muʿāwiyah: Muʿāwiyah bought a fair-skinned, beautiful slave girl. I brought her to him unclothed while he held a rod in his hand; he began pointing it toward her private parts and saying, “What splendid merchandise this would be were it truly mine! Take her to Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah.” Then he said, “No—call for Rabiʿah ibn ʿAmr al-Jurashī,” who was a jurist. When he entered, Muʿāwiyah said, “This girl was brought to me naked; I saw such-and-such of her and intended to send her to Yazīd.” He replied, “Do not do that, O Commander of the Believers, for she is not suitable for him.” Muʿāwiyah said, “You have spoken well.” He then gave her to ʿAbd Allah ibn Masʿadah al-Fazārī, a freedman of Fāṭimah bint Rasūl Allah, peace and blessings be upon him; the man was dark-skinned. Muʿāwiyah told him, “Lighten your children’s complexion with her.”
This incident reflects Muʿāwiyah’s jurisprudential insight and scrupulousness: he looked at her with desire yet deemed himself too weak for her, and he hesitated to give her to his son Yazīd because of the Almighty’s words, “And do not marry those women whom your fathers have married” (Al-Nisāʾ 4:22). The jurist Rabiʿah ibn ʿAmr al-Jurashī al-Dimashqī concurred with him.