of Nahrawān: “Are they polytheists?”
He answered, “They have fled from shirk (idolatry).”
It was asked, “Then are they hypocrites?”
He replied, “The hypocrites remember Allah only a little.”
So they said, “What, then, are they, O Commander of the Believers?”
He said, “They are our brothers who rebelled against us, so we fought them because of their aggression against us.” This is what Ibn Jarīr and others have transmitted in this context.
What has been reported concerning them in the noble ḥadiths ⦗1⦘
The first ḥadith:
It is narrated from ʿAlī (may Allah be pleased with him), and it has been transmitted from him ⦗2⦘ by: Zayd ibn Wahb, Suwayd ibn Ghaflah, Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād, ʿAbd Allah ibn Shaddād, ʿUbayd Allah ibn Abī Rāfiʿ, ʿUbaydah ibn ʿAmr al-Salmanī, Kulayb Abū ʿĀṣim, Abū Kathīr, Abū Maryam, Abū Mūsā, Abū Wāʾil, and Abū al-Waḍīʾ ⦗3⦘. These constitute twelve separate chains, complete with their isnāds and wording; such multiplicity raises the report to the level of tawātur ⦗4⦘.
[The first chain]
Muslim ⦗5⦘ said: ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd narrated to us; ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Hammām ⦗6⦘ narrated to us; ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Abī Sulaymān narrated to us; Salamah ibn Kuhayl narrated to us; Zayd ibn Wahb al-Juhanī told me that he was in the army that marched with ʿAlī against the Khārijites. ʿAlī said:
“O people, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say:
‘A group will emerge from my community who will recite the Qur’an; your recitation is nothing compared with theirs, nor your prayer compared with their prayer, nor your fasting compared with their fasting. They recite the Qur’an thinking it is in their favor, while it is actually against them. If the army that strikes them knew what has been decreed for them on the tongue of their Prophet ﷺ, they would rely [solely] on that reward and slacken in other deeds. The sign of this is that among them is a man who has an upper arm but no forearm; at the end of his upper arm is something like a woman’s nipple, with a few white hairs upon it.
You would go to Muʿāwiyah and the people of Syria and leave these men behind to assault your children and your property? By Allah, I hope they are these very people, for they have shed sacred blood and raided the herds of the Muslims. So march forth in the name of Allah.’”
Salamah said: Zayd ibn Wahb halted me ⦗7⦘ until they crossed a bridge; when we met—while the Khārijites on that day