and they had become a formidable, well-defended force—an independent army marked by courage, steadfastness, and patience. They were convinced that through this they were drawing nearer to Allah, exalted is He, so no one dared ignite a battle-fire against them, nor did anyone hope to exact revenge from them. Allah’s help is sought.
Abū Mikhnaf (1) reports—through Abū Rawq, from al-Shaʿbī—that when the Khārijites marched to Nahrawān, while Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī fled to Mecca and Ibn ʿAbbās returned to Basra, ʿAlī rose to address the people of Kūfah and said:
“Praise be to Allah, even though the passage of time brings crushing calamities and grave, exhausting events (2). I bear witness that there is no deity but Him and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. To proceed: sin disgraces and harms; it brings sorrow and leaves regret behind. I had commanded you concerning these two men and this arbitration, and I had given you my counsel, yet you insisted on pursuing only what you desired. Thus you and I have been like the brother of Hawāzin who said—and he spoke well (3):
‘At Muʿnariʿj al-Liwā I offered them my earnest advice,
but they did not perceive the right path until the next day’s noon.’
“He then discussed what the two arbiters had done, rejected the judgment they had rendered, rebuked them, and spoke in a manner that belittled them (4). After that he called the people to go forth for jihad against the Syrians (5), fixing Monday as the day of departure. He wrote (6) to Ibn ʿAbbās, the governor of Basra, urging him to rally the people for the march against the Syrians, and he wrote to the Khārijites informing them that the verdict of the two arbiters had been annulled and that he was resolved to go to Syria—so let them come and join him in fighting them.
They replied to him:
‘To proceed: You did not become angry for the sake of your Lord; rather, you became angry for yourself. If you bear witness against yourself to disbelief and then turn in repentance, we will reconsider the matter between us and you; otherwise we openly disavow you on equal terms—“Indeed, Allah does not love the treacherous.” [al-Anfāl 8:38]’
When ʿAlī read their letter, he despaired of them and resolved to go to Syria to meet the enemy. He left Kūfah for al-Nukhayla (7) with a large army—sixty-five thousand strong. Ibn ʿAbbās sent him three thousand two hundred horsemen from Basra: with Jāriyah (8) ibn Qudāmah were one thousand five hundred, and with Abū al-Aswad al-Duʾalī one thousand seven hundred. Thus ʿAlī’s army totalled sixty-eight thousand two hundred cavalry. The Commander of the Believers then addressed them (9), exhorting them to strive in Allah’s cause and to remain patient when confronting the enemy, for he was intent on campaigning against the Syrians. While he was thus engaged, news reached him that the Khārijites