it reached her, she asked Abū Bakr to appoint her husband as the overseer of that charitable estate (1). He refused, and a trace of displeasure lingered in her heart, as we have already mentioned, so ʿAlī had to soothe her somewhat. When she passed away he renewed his pledge of allegiance to as-Ṣiddīq—may Allah be pleased with him.
When Abū Bakr died and ʿUmar assumed the caliphate in accordance with Abū Bakr’s testament, ʿAlī was among those who pledged allegiance to him. ʿUmar consulted him on public affairs; it is said that during his rule he even appointed ʿAlī as judge. ʿAlī accompanied him, together with other leading commanders among the Companions, on the journey to Syria and attended his address at al-Jābiyah. When ʿUmar was stabbed and made the matter a consultative council of six—including ʿAlī—and it finally came down, as we noted, to ʿUthmān and ʿAlī, ʿUthmān was preferred, whereupon ʿAlī listened and obeyed.
When ʿUthmān was killed on Friday, the 18th of Dhu al-Ḥijjah in the year 35 AH (2), the people turned to ʿAlī and pledged allegiance to him, either before ʿUthmān was buried or, as others maintain, afterwards. At first ʿAlī refused to accept the leadership (3); when they insisted, he withdrew to the orchard of Banū ʿAmr ibn Mabdhūl and shut its gate. The people came, knocked, and entered upon him, bringing with them Ṭalḥah and al-Zubayr. They said, “This affair cannot continue without an amīr,” and they kept pressing him until he agreed.
[Account of ʿAlī’s—may Allah be pleased with him—pledge as caliph]
It is said that the first to pledge to him was Ṭalḥah, using his right hand, which had been paralyzed (4) since the Day of Uhud when he shielded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with it. Some of those present remarked, “By Allah, this business will never be completed.” ʿAlī then went out to the mosque, ascended the pulpit wearing a waist-wrap and a fine khazz turban, his sandals in his hand, leaning on his bow. The general populace pledged to him; that was Saturday, the 19th of Dhu al-Ḥijjah, 35 AH.
It is also said that Ṭalḥah and al-Zubayr only pledged after he had summoned them and they had asked him to appoint them over Basra and Kūfa. He replied, “Rather, stay with me so that I may take comfort in your company.”
Some people claim that a faction of the Anṣār did not pledge to him: Ḥassān ibn Thābit, Kaʿb ibn Mālik, Maslama ibn Mukhlad, Abū Saʿīd, Muḥammad ibn Maslama, al-Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr, Zayd ibn Thābit, Rāfiʿ ibn Khadīj, Faḍālah ibn ʿUbayd, and Kaʿb ibn ʿUjrah.
Ibn Jarīr records this (5) on the authority of al-Madāʾinī, from a shaykh of Banū Hāshim, from ʿAbd Allah ibn al-Ḥasan. Al-Madāʾinī said: someone who heard al-Zuhrī told me that a group fled from Madinah to Syria and did not pledge.