or thirteen; others say fourteen, some fifteen, and some even sixteen years of age, as ʿAbd al-Razzāq (1) related from Maʿmar, from Qatādah, from al-Ḥasan.
It is also said that he was the first of the youths to embrace Islam (2), just as Khadījah was the first among women (3), Zayd ibn Ḥārithah the first among the freedmen, and Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq the first among freeborn men (4).
The reason ʿAlī accepted Islam while still a boy was that he was under the care of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. A year of famine had afflicted them, so the Prophet took him from his father and kept him with him (5). When Allah commissioned him with the truth, Khadījah believed, and so did the members of the household, ʿAlī among them; yet the faith that most benefited people was the faith of al-Ṣiddīq, may Allah be pleased with him.
A report is attributed to ʿAlī in which he says, “I was the first to accept Islam,” but its chain of transmission is not sound. Ibn ʿAsākir (6) cited numerous narrations on this point; they are many, yet all are objectionable and none is authentic—Allah knows best.
Imām Aḥmad (7) transmitted—through Shuʿbah, from ʿAmr ibn Murrah—who said: I heard Abū Ḥamzah, a man from the freedmen of the Anṣār, say: I heard Zayd ibn Arqam declare, “The first person to accept Islam together with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was ʿAlī.” In another wording: “the first to pray.”
ʿAmr said: I mentioned this to al-Nakhaʿī and he rejected it, saying, “Abū Bakr was the first to embrace Islam” (8).
Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī stated: “The first to believe among women was Khadījah, and the first two men to believe were Abū Bakr and ʿAlī; however, Abū Bakr publicized his faith while ʿAlī concealed his.”
I say: this concealment was out of fear of his father. Later his father ordered him to follow his cousin and support him. ʿAlī emigrated after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left Makkah; the Prophet had instructed him to settle his debts and return the trusts deposited with him, then to join him. ʿAlī fulfilled these orders, then migrated, and the Prophet ﷺ established a bond of brotherhood between him and Sahl ibn Ḥanīf.
Ibn Isḥāq and others among the writers of the prophetic biography and military expeditions relate that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made him his own brother (9), and