ʿUthmān led the Ẓuhr prayer at Minā in four rakʿahs. When this reached Ibn Masʿūd he criticized him, yet he himself later prayed the ʿAṣr prayer with his companions in his own tent as four rakʿahs. Someone said to him, “You reproached ʿUthmān and then prayed four yourself?” He replied, “I dislike disagreement”—and in another narration, “Disagreement is evil.” If Ibn Masʿūd showed such deference to ʿUthmān in this secondary matter, how much more would he defer to him in the very foundation of the Quran—following him in the recitation that ʿUthmān obliged the people to adopt, to the exclusion of all others?
Al-Zuhrī (1) and others relate that ʿUthmān completed the prayer only because he feared the Bedouins might assume that the obligatory prayer consisted of two rakʿahs. It has also been said that he had taken up residence in Mecca.
Abū Yaʿlā (2) and others transmitted—through the chain of ʿIkrimah ibn Ibrāhīm, who said: “ʿAbd-Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Abī Dhubāb (3) narrated to me from his father”—that ʿUthmān led them at Minā in four rakʿahs, then turned to them and said, “I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘When a man marries in a town, he is counted among its people.’ I therefore completed the prayer because I have been married here since I first arrived.” This ḥadīth is not authentic, however. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Maymūnah bint al-Ḥārith during the ʿUmrat al-Qaḍāʾ and still did not pray in full. It has also been suggested that ʿUthmān interpreted his position as Commander of the Believers to mean that he should pray in full wherever he was; ʿĀʾishah reasoned likewise and thus completed the prayer. This interpretation is debatable, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the Messenger of Allah wherever he was, yet even so he never completed the prayer while traveling.
Another of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān’s policies was to require his governors to attend the pilgrimage season every year. He would write to the populace: “Whoever has a grievance against any of them should come to the season, and I will secure his right from that governor.” ʿUthmān also allowed many of the senior Companions to travel wherever they wished, whereas ʿUmar had restricted them—even from taking part in military expeditions—saying, “I fear you will behold the world and that its children (4) will behold you.” Once the Companions dispersed in ʿUthmān’s time, people gathered around them, each Companion acquired his own following, and every faction hoped that its man would attain the caliphate after ʿUthmān. They therefore grew impatient for his death and found his life too long, until some of the provincial people committed what they did, as has been mentioned earlier. We belong to Allah and to Him we return; there is no power and no might except with Allah, the Mighty, the Wise, the Most High, the Most Great.
[His wives, sons, and daughters—may Allah be pleased with them]
He married Ruqayyah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she bore him ʿAbd-Allāh, after whom he was nicknamed; before Islam he had been known as Abū ʿAmr.