Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Ibn ʿAsākir (1) relates, with his chain of transmission to Wahb ibn Munabbih, who said: “Beside the grave of Abraham the Friend (peace be upon him) a stone was discovered on which the following words were inscribed (2):

[verses in rajaz metre]
A heedless man is beguiled by hope—
when his appointed term arrives, he dies.
Whoever draws near to his demise—
no stratagem will avail him.
How shall the last remain
when those before him have departed?
To the grave a man is followed by nothing
save his deeds.

(3) The Children of Abraham
The first to be born to him was Ishmael, from Hagar the Copt of Egypt. After that came Isaac, from Sarah, daughter of Abraham’s paternal uncle. He then married Qanṭūrā bint Yaqṭan the Canaanite, who bore him six sons: Midian, Zimrān, Sarj, Naqshān, Nashq—and the sixth is not named. Later he married Ḥajūn bint Ahīn, who bore him five: Kīsān, Sūrāj, Amīm, Lūṭān, and Nāfis. This is how Abū al-Qāsim al-Suhaylī records the matter in his work al-Taʿrīf wa-l-Iʿlām.

[The Story of the People of Lot (peace be upon him)]

(5) Among the great events that took place during the lifetime of Abraham the Friend (peace be upon him) is the story of the people of Lot (peace be upon him) and the devastating punishment that struck them (6). Lot was the son of Hārān son of Tārikh—who is Āzar, as mentioned earlier—and thus Lot was the nephew of Abraham. Abraham, Hārān, and Nāḥūr were brothers, as we have already noted. Some claim that this Hārān built the town of Ḥarrān, but this is weak, for it conflicts with what is found in the Scriptures of the People of the Book; Allah knows best.

Lot, at the instruction and with the permission of his uncle Abraham (peace be upon them), moved away from his settlement and took up residence in the city of Sodom, in the land of

(1) In his Tārīkh (History); see al-Mukhtaṣar fī Tārīkh Dimashq (The Abridged History of Damascus), vol. 3, p. 376. (2) In al-Mukhtaṣar fī Tārīkh Dimashq it is reported that on Ibrahim al-Khalīl’s tomb there is an inscription carved in stone behind it. In manuscript B it appears as “khalqah,” a scribal error. (3) In al-Mukhtaṣar it is noted that this bayt (verse) is an addition by certain scholars. (4) See al-Taʾrīf wa al-Iʿlām by al-Suhaylī, p. 35, where the names appear as Madīn, Zamwān, Sabraj, Naqshān, and Nashq. (5) I have treated the passage enclosed in parentheses as a heading, in keeping with the author’s arrangement earlier and later. (6) al-Ghumaymah: derived from ghamm (sorrow) and karb (distress).
وروى ابن عساكر (١) بسنده إلى وَهْبِ بن مُنَبِّه قال: وُجِد عند قبر إبراهيم الخليل على حجر كتابة خلفه (٢) : [من الرجز] ألهى جَهُولًا أمَلُهْ … يموتُ مَنْ جَا أجَلُهْ ومَنْ دَنا من حَتْفهِ … لم تُغنِ عَنْه حِيَلُهْ وكيفَ يَبْقَى آخِرٌ … مَنْ ماتَ عَنْهُ أوّلُهْ والمَرْءُ لا يَصْحبُهُ … في القبرِ إِلَّا عَمَلُهُ (٣) [ذكر أولاد إبراهيم الخليل] أَوَّل من وُلد له إسماعيلُ من هاجَرَ القِبْطيَّة المِصريَّة، ثم وُلد له إسحاق من سارَة بنت عمِّ الخليل، ثم تزوَّجَ بعدها "قنطورا" بنت يقطن الكنعانية، فولدتْ له ستةً: مدين، وزمران، وسرج، ونقشان، ونشق، ولم يُسمِّ السادسَ، ثم تزوَّجَ بعدها "حجون" بنت أهين، فولدت له خمسة: كيسان، وسورج، وأميم، ولوطان، ونافس. هكذا ذكره أبو القاسم (٤) السهيلي في كتابه "التعريف والإعلام" . * * * [قصة قوم لوط (عليه السلام) ] (٥) ومما وقع في حياة إبراهيم الخليل من الأمور العظيمة قصَّة قوم لوط (عليه السلام) ، وما حلَّ بهم من النقمة الغميمة (٦) ، وذلكَ أن لوطًا بن هاران بن تارح - وهو آزر - كما تقدَّم، ولوط ابن أخي إبراهيم الخليل، فإبراهيم وهاران وناحور إخوةٌ كما قدَّمنا، ويُقال: إن هاران هذا هو الذي بنى حَران، وهذا ضعيفٌ لمخالفته ما بأيدي أهل الكتاب، واللّه أعلم. وكان لوطٌ قد نزحَ عن محلَّة عمِّه الخليل (رحمه الله) بأمره له وإذنه، فنزلَ بمدينة سَدُوم من أرض
(١) في تاريخه؛ كما في مختصر تاريخ دمشق (٣/ ٣٧٦). (٢) في مختصر تاريخ دمشق: أُصيبَ على قبر إبراهيم الخليل مكتوب خلفه في حجر. وفي ب: خلقة: وفيها تصحيف. (٣) في المختصر: أن هذا البيت من زيادة بعض أهل العلم. (٤) انظر "التعريف والإعلام" للسهيلي (ص ٣٥) وفيه: مدين، وزموان، وسبرج، ونقشان، ونشق. (٥) ما بين حاصرتين أضفته عنوانًا تمشيًا مع ما صنعه المؤلف سابقًا ولاحقًا. (٦) الغميمة: من الغمِّ والكَرْب.

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