that they had come only for the pilgrimage (ḥajj) and for nothing else, and that their sole aim was to ask this governor to dismiss some of his officials—nothing beyond that. They then sought permission to enter (1), but everyone refused them admission and warned against it. Undeterred, they grew bold and drew nearer to Madinah.
A party of Egyptians came to ʿAlī while he was (2) encamped at Ahjār al-Zayt (3). He was wearing a ḥullah of afwāf (4), his head wrapped with a red Yemeni shuqayqah (5), a sword girded on his waist, and no tunic beneath. He had already dispatched (6) his son al-Ḥasan to ʿUthmān along with those who had gathered around him.
The Egyptians greeted ʿAlī with salām, but he shouted at them and drove them away, saying, “The righteous know that the armies of Dhū al-Marwah and Dhū Khushub are cursed upon the tongue of Muḥammad ﷺ. Go back—may Allah never let you see the dawn!” They replied, “Very well,” and withdrew.
The Basrans then approached Ṭalḥah, who was with another group nearby—he too had sent his two sons to ʿUthmān. They greeted him, but he shouted at them, chased them off, and said to them what ʿAlī had said to the Egyptians. Al-Zubayr dealt with the Kufans in the same manner. Thus each faction returned to its own people.
To the public they pretended that they were on their way back to their provinces, travelling for several days as though returning home, then suddenly wheeled around and headed back to Madinah. Before long the people of the city heard the cry of takbīr, and there were the rebels advancing upon Madinah and surrounding it. Their main force massed at the house of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān and proclaimed to the populace, “Whoever keeps his hand back is safe.” The townsfolk therefore held back and remained indoors, and matters stayed that way for several days.
Throughout all this no one knew what the rebels meant to do or what they had resolved upon. During that time the Commander of the Believers, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (may Allah be pleased with him), would emerge from his house to lead the prayer; the people of Madinah prayed behind him, and so did the others. The Companions went to the rebels, reproaching and censuring them for their return, until ʿAlī said to the Egyptians, “What brought you back after you had departed and changed your minds?”
They answered, “We encountered a courier carrying a letter ordering that we be killed.” The Basrans said the same to Ṭalḥah and the Kufans to al-Zubayr. Each provincial group added, “We have come only (7) to support our comrades.”
The Companions replied, “How could you have learned this from your comrades when you had separated and were several stages apart? This is something you have contrived among yourselves.”
They retorted, “Explain it however you wish—our only demand is that this man step aside; let him leave us and we will leave him,” meaning that if he resigned the caliphate they would let him live in safety. As for the Egyptians—as has been mentioned—when they were on their way back to their land (8) they came upon a courier travelling along the road,