Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

We lashed our ships to theirs, and then we and they closed in with swords, men vaulting across with blades and daggers. The waves hammered the very bow-ports of the vessels until they were driven toward the shore, and the surf cast the bodies of the slain upon the beach until they lay piled like a mighty mountain. Blood overpowered the color of the water. That day the Muslims showed a patience the like of which had never been witnessed: many of them were killed, while the Byzantines lost several times that number. Then Allah sent His help to the Muslims, and Constantine and his army—now reduced to but a few—fled, he himself grievously and deeply wounded (1) and for some time thereafter under treatment. ʿAbd Allah ibn Saʿd remained at Dhāt al-Ṣawārī for a few days, after which he returned supported, victorious, and triumphant.

Al-Wāqidī said: Maʿmar related to me from al-Zuhri that Muhammad ibn Abī Ḥudhayfah and Muhammad ibn Abī Bakr were present on this campaign. They (2) openly criticized ʿUthmān for the innovations he had introduced and for departing from the practice of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, declaring that his blood was lawful because he had appointed ʿAbd Allah ibn Saʿd—who had apostasized, denied the Noble Quran, and whose blood the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—had deemed permissible. They added that the Messenger of Allah had expelled certain individuals whom ʿUthmān later reinstated, and that he had removed Companions of the Messenger of Allah while (3) installing Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ and ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿĀmir.

When this reached ʿAbd Allah ibn Saʿd he said, “You two shall not sail with us.” The pair therefore boarded a vessel in which there were no other Muslims. They met the enemy, yet they proved the most reluctant (4) of all the Muslims to fight. When reproached for this they replied, “How can we fight under the command of a man we do not consider fit to rule?” ʿAbd Allah ibn Saʿd sent for them, rebuked them severely, and said, “By Allah, were I certain of the Caliph’s view, I would have punished and imprisoned you both.”

Al-Wāqidī said: In this same year Armenia was conquered at the hands of Ḥabīb ibn Maslamah. In this year as well, Kisra, king of the Persians, was killed.

How Kisra—namely Yazdegerd—king of the Persians, was killed (5)

Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazdegerd fled from Kirmān with a small band until he reached Marw. There he asked some of its people for money, but they refused and feared for themselves. They therefore sent word to the Turks, urging them to attack him. The Turks came, killed his companions, and he fled until he reached the house of a man who used to tap the millstones (6) on the riverbank. He sought shelter with him for the night; when Yazdegerd had fallen asleep, the man killed him.

Al-Madāʾinī said: After his companions had been slain he set off on foot, still wearing his crown, his belt, and his sword, until he came to the house of

(1) In manuscript A: kathira (many). (2) In manuscript A: fa-azhharu (they revealed). This is al-Tabari’s reading in his Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk (vol. 4, p. 290). (3) In manuscript A: wa-naza’a al-sahābah wa-ista’mala (the Companions removed it and used it). (4) In al-Tabari’s Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk (vol. 4, p. 292): akalla (he ate); the reading we have adopted is probably the more plausible. (5) In manuscript A: “Habib ibn Muslima: How the Persian king was killed.” (6) Yanquru al-arhiyah: ‘naqru’ means striking the millstone (raha) or other stones with a minqar (a metal pick resembling an axe). ‘Al-arhiyah’ is the plural of raha, meaning ‘millstone.’ See al-Lisan under ‘naqru’ and ‘raha.’
وربطنا سفننا بسفنهم، ثم اجتلدنا وإياهم بالسيوف يثبُ الرجالُ بالسيوف والخناجر، وضَربتِ الأمواجُ في عيونِ تلك السفن حتى ألجأتها إلى الساحل، وألقتِ الأمواجُ جثثَ الرجال إلى الساحل، حتى صارت مثل الجبل العظيم، وغلب الدم على لون الماء، وصبر المسلمون يومئذ صبرًا لم يُعْهد مثلُه قطُّ، وقُتل منهم بشرٌ كثيرٌ، ومن الروم أضعاف ذلك، ثم أنزلَ الله نصرَهُ على المسلمين فهربَ قسطنطيينُ وجيشُه -وقد قلُّوا جدًا- وبه جراحات شديدة مكينة (١) مكث حينًا يداوى منها بعد ذلك، وأقام عبد الله بن سعد بذات الصواري أيامًاَ، ثم رجع مُؤَيَّدًا منصورًا مُظَفَّرًا. قال الواقدي: فحدثني معمر عن الزُّهري قال: كان في هذه الغزوة محمد بن أبي حذيفة، ومحمد ابن أبي بكر، فأظهرا (٢) عيبَ عثمان وما غيَّر وما خالفَ أبا بكرٍ وعمر، ويقولان دمُه حلالٌ لأنّه استعملَ عبد الله بن سعد - وكان قد ارتدّ وكفر بالقرآن العظيم، وأباحَ رسولُ الله ﷺ دَمَه، وأخرج رسولُ الله ﷺ أقوامًا واستعملهم عثمان، ونزع أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ واستعمل (٣) سعيد بن العاص وعبد الله بن عامر، فبلغ ذلك عبد الله بن سعد فقال: لا تركبا معنا، فركبا في مركب ما فيه أحد من المسلمين، ولقوا العدو فكانا أنكل (٤) المسلمين قتالًا، فقيل لهما في ذلك فقالا: كيف نُقاتل مع رجلٍ لا ينبغي لنا أن نُحكِّمهُ؟ فأرسل إليهما عبد الله بن سعد فنهاهما أشدَّ النهي وقال: والله لولا لا أدري ما يوافق أمير المؤمنين لعاقبتكما وحبستكما. قال الواقدي: وفي هذه السنة فُتحتْ أرمينية على يَدَيْ حَبيب بن مَسْلمة. وفي هذه السنة قتل كسرى ملك الفرس. كيفية قتل كسرى ملك الفرس (٥) وهو يَزْدَجِرْدُ قال ابن إسحاق: هرب يَزْدَجِرْد من كرمان في جماعة يسيرة إلى مَرْو، فسأل من بعض أهلها مالًا فمنعوه وخافوه على أنفسهم، فبعثوا إلى التُّرك يَسْتَفِزُّونهم عليه، فأتَوْه فقتلوا أصحابه، وهربَ -هو- حتى أتى منزل رجل ينقر الأرحيه (٦) على شط، فأوى إليه ليلًا، فلما نام قتله. وقال المدائني: لما هربَ بعد قتل أصحابه انطلقَ ماشيًا عليه تاجُه ومِنْطَقتُهُ وسيفُه، فانتهى إلى منزل
(١) في أ: كثيرة. (٢) في أ: فأظهروا. وهي رواية الطبري في تاريخه (٤/ ٢٩٠). (٣) في أ: ونزع الصحابة واستعمل. (٤) في تاريخ الطبري (٤/ ٢٩٢): أكلَّ؛ ولعل ما أثبتنا هو الأشبه. (٥) في أ: حبيب بن مسلمة كيف مقتل ملك الفرس. (٦) ينقر الأرحية: النقر: ضرب الرحى والحجر وغيره بالمنقار -وهو حديدة كالفأس يقطع به- والأرحية: جمع رحى وهي الطاحون. اللسان (نقر - رحى).

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies