In the pre-Islamic period, ʿUmar married Zaynab bint Maẓʿūn (1), the sister of ʿUthmān ibn Maẓʿūn. She bore him ʿAbd Allāh, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān the Elder, and Ḥafṣah (may Allah be pleased with her).
He next married Mulaykah bint Jarwal. She bore him ʿUbayd Allāh, after which he divorced her during the truce; Abu al-Jahm ibn Ḥudhayfah (2) subsequently married her, according to al-Madāʾinī.
Al-Wāqidī, however, maintains that her name was Umm Kulthūm bint Jarwal. She bore him ʿUbayd Allāh and Zayd the Younger. Al-Madāʾinī adds that ʿUmar married Qarībah (3) bint Abī Umayyah al-Makhzūmī but separated from her in the same truce, after which ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr married her.
They also report that he married Umm Ḥakīm (4) bint al-Ḥārith ibn Hishām after her husband was killed in Syria. She bore him Fāṭimah, and he later divorced her; al-Madāʾinī says it is also related that he did not divorce her.
It is further said that he married Jamīlah bint ʿĀṣim ibn Thābit ibn Abī al-Aqlaḥ of the Aws.
He married ʿĀtikah (5) bint Zayd ibn ʿAmr ibn Nufayl, who had previously been the wife of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Bakr (6). After ʿUmar was martyred, al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām married her (may Allah be pleased with her). Some say she was the mother of his son ʿIyāḍ—Allah knows best.
Al-Madāʾinī relates that ʿUmar had earlier sought the hand of Umm Kulthūm (7), daughter of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, while she was still young, and he corresponded with ʿĀʾishah about her. Umm Kulthūm said, “I have no desire for him.” ʿĀʾishah asked, “Will you spurn the Commander of the Believers?” She replied, “Yes; his life is austere.” ʿĀʾishah then sent word to ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, dissuading ʿUmar and directing him instead to Umm Kulthūm (8) bint ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, daughter of Fāṭimah the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She said, “Through her you will gain a bond with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).” ʿUmar therefore asked ʿAlī for her hand; ʿAlī married her to him, and ʿUmar settled a dowry of forty thousand on her. She bore him Zayd and Ruqayyah.
They further mention that he married Luhayyah (9), a woman from Yemen, who bore him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān the Younger—though some say the Middle. Al-Wāqidī holds that she was a concubine, not a wife.
They also report that Fukayhah (10), a concubine, was with him and bore him Zaynab; al-Wāqidī states that she was his youngest child.